This article analyses Spa and Wellness hotels as a developmental product of the leisure industry. The idea of Spa and Wellness in the aspect of a new approach to the products of leisure industry has been demonstrated and trends in Spa and Wellness tourism have been highlighted. The difference between the concept of Spa and Wellness as well as the polysemous character of the Spa concept have been emphasised. The directions of the development of Spa and Wellness hotel facilities have been characterised more deeply. The services of selected Spa and Wellness hotels in Poland have been evaluated from the perspective of the recognised needs of consumers and attention has been paid to the qualitative aspect of the assessment of the examined facilities.
This paper proposes a structured approach to the choice of strategies of wetlands ecosystem services management. Presented decomposition of strategies of wetlands ecosystem services management is categorized by such criteria: the general and the dominant strategies, strategy in a manner to achieve the purpose of managing ecosystem services; strategy in character of behaviour of subjects of wetlands ecosystem services management; targeted strategies for the content of such services. Detailed elaboration of strategies of wetlands ecosystem services management is characterized by the following parameters: a vector of strategies influence; the behaviour of the subjects of management of ecosystem services, as well as the kinds of such services. The process of decision-making for the management and selection of strategies of wetlands ecosystem services management requires the formation of a system of evaluation of the effectiveness of wetlands ecosystem services management on the basis of indicators of different types of ecosystem services of wetlands and their losses.
The article is a resumé of the author’s doctoral thesis. It is an attempt (worked out in the order of discovery) to describe the gift of self (which Wojtyła identifies with love) by means of the previously developed category of the gift of something (rediscovered by Mauss) and the qualities of gift giving (selflessness, definiteness, reciprocity, joy, and gratitude linked with grace), as well as taking into account the intermediary category of gift from self (identified with service and ending with hospitality). The paper outlines the background of contemporary discussions on the gift, stressing the importance of the difference between dare and donare, discussing the modern trends that idealize the gift – involving anonymity, iconicity, ignorance, and non-reciprocity, all of which make the gift de facto impossible (Derrida, Lévinas, Marion) – and it also opens up some sociological and theological perspectives using an analogical conception of the gift.
After the Vatican Council II in the Catholic Church the service of permanent deacons has been restored. In the world there are over 37 thousand of them. In Poland the first deacons were ordained in 2008. The service of permanent deacons is the restoration of the permanent and proper level of holy orders, and in consequence it consolidates and enriches the hierarchical structure. At the same time it is a gift for the whole Church understood as a community of complementary states, offices, services and charismas. In Poland, for various reasons, there is a risk that permanent deaconate will be treated as a pastoral experiment. If this happens so, it would be a damage to the development and the deserved place for the deacons' service, but also in a way it would be wasting the chance to consolidate the communal character of the Church.
The study focuses on the theological context of the time period when Josef Hlouch returned to the Diocese of České Budějovice from his internment (1968). This period was strongly influenced by the fact that the Second Vatican Council had just come to an end. The pastoral programme of Josef Hlouch for his further work in the diocese was directly based on the theology of the Council. This can be illustrated by his speech to the diocese priests which he gave on the Feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul.
The election of Marguerite Yourcenar to the French Academy in 1980 was widely commented. The controversy was caused by her free lifestyle, sexual inversion and her American citizenship. The size of her work, published in the prestigious Pléiade editions, with its male characters, the Roman emperor Hadrian and the alchemist Zeno, both splendidly show the fate of a man struggling with issues of his time and reveal the personality of the writer. A futile battle against nature and sexual inversion, clarity of vision, curiosity of the world satisfied by numerous travels and tireless study of historical documents, as well as self-improvement and faith give her work an individual and universal character. Her vast erudition and talent for writing enabled her to cross the threshold of an institution which had been a guardian of the French tradition since 1635. She used her inauguration speech as an opportunity to criticize the institution for underestimating the role of women in creating culture.
The article compares how the documents of the CBK National framework programme of priestly formation and the Guidelines for the formation, life and ministry of permanent deacons in the Czech Republic take into account the different mission of deacons and priests in the Church in their preparation for their service and subsequent permanent formation. An emphasis on solidarity, knowledge of the social teaching of the Church, the diakonia of the Word of God, liturgy and charity and charity work readiness predominate in the formation of the diaconal ministry. A particular emphasis is placed on the formation of the entire family of a married deacon. The formation of priests, in contrast, emphasizes his role as a pastor and teacher with a greater emphasis on knowledge and the ability to lead God‘s people to the freedom to follow Christ.
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