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EN
In inter-war Czechoslovakia, the relations of the Slovaks to Czech politics acquired a qualitatively new level. The autonomist Slovak National party (Slovenska narodna strana) was an example. In the period 1919-1932, the Czechoslovak National Democratic Party (Ceskoslovenska narodnodemokraticka strana) played the part of a potential ally in its politics. In questions of programme, they both declared the need to define Slovakia as a territorial unit, that is a demand for autonomy and the need to solve the Slovak question. They were divided by their attitude to the national identity of the Slovaks. The Slovak party spoke of the separate national identity of the Slovaks, while the Czech party supported Czechoslovak national unity. Their attempts to cooperate culminated in their joint participation in the 1929 parliamentary elections, and the participation of the Slovak National Party members in the parliamentary group of the Czech party, which broke up in 1932 as a result of deepening disputes.
EN
The study is devoted to the plans of the former Hungarian political elites for the inclusion of „new born“ Slovakia in Hungary. Several plans arose immediately in the period 1918 – 1920, when the „Slovak question“ was regarded primarily as a solvable task on the way to renewal the integrity of the historic Hungarian state. This fact was also reflected in the activities of the Budapest government circles, which established their own irredentist organizations and supported movements, which tried to undermine the idea of Czech-Slovak statehood. Especially the groups of emigrants, who had voluntarily or involuntarily left the territory of
EN
In inter-war Czechoslovakia, the relations of the Slovaks to Czech politics acquired a qualitatively new level. The autonomist Slovak National party (Slovenská národná strana) was an example. In the period 1919 – 1932, the Czechoslovak National Democratic Party (Československá národnodemokratická strana) played the part of a potential ally in its politics. In questions of programme, they both declared the need to define Slovakia as a territorial unit, that is a demand for autonomy and the need to solve the Slovak question. They were divided by their attitude to the national identity of the Slovaks. The Slovak party spoke of the separate national identity of the Slovaks, while the Czech party supported Czechoslovak national unity. Their attempts to cooperate culminated in their joint participation in the 1929 parliamentary elections, and the participation of the Slovak National Party members in the parliamentary group of the Czech party, which broke up in 1932 as a result of deepening disputes.
EN
The study is devoted to the plans of the former Hungarian political elites for the inclusion of 'new born' Slovakia in Hungary. Several plans arose immediately in the period 1918-1920, when the 'Slovak question' was regarded primarily as a solvable task on the way to renewal the integrity of the historic Hungarian state. This fact was also reflected in the activities of the Budapest government circles, which established their own irredentist organizations and supported movements, which tried to undermine the idea of Czech-Slovak statehood. Especially the groups of emigrants, who had voluntarily or involuntarily left the territory of the emerging Czechoslovak Republic, became substantially engaged in this direction.
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EN
At the beginning of 1938 the Hungarian leadership realized that if they wanted to receive back the territories inhabited by the Hungarians in Slovakia, they would need to have allies, and for this the Germans and the Polish proved to be the easiest to be won over. The Polish nursed good relations with Slovak politicians, and getting to know of it, the Hungarians wanted to put pressure on the Slovaks also by their aid, in order to make the Slovaks to join the Hungarians, in return of autonomy. Poland helped with pleasure as they considered it to be the way toward a common Polish-Hungarian border, providing defence against further ambitions of Germany. At the beginning of 1938 Jozef Tiso and other Slovak politicians were in quest of allies in order to secure the future of their country in case of the decline of Czechoslovakia. In relation to Slovakia´s future, the forms of autonomy, federation and union came up as alternatives. Tiso and his political mates wanted to achieve that the Polish, German and perhaps the Hungarian leadership support the recognition of the Slovaks as political nation, possibly their autonomy or directly their independence. Naturally, these efforts kept changing according to the actual political forces. Slovak politicians held secret negotiations also with the Hungarians. From the Slovak party, the negotiations with the Hungarians could be regarded simply as tactics, but they rejected it indeed, thus these talks ended without success. The first Viennese arbitration redressed only partly the injustices of the peace treaty, but it resulted that the Hungarian and Slovak leaderships conflicted with each other even more; on the other hand these governments became puppets of Germany which could expertly make use of it in the years of war.
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