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EN
Our reaction paper addresses the work of M. Šimková published in the last 2013 number of Slovak Speech that has covered the activities of Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics’ Department of the Slovak National Corpus in the past 10 years. We complete the missing references, comment some points presented by the paper, and offer another view on the procedures involved in creation and morpho-syntactic annotation of the Slovak National Corpus.
EN
The paper deals with the issue of standardization of foreign geographical names in Slovak. The issue for discussion is the standardization of the name Lombardy instead of the hitherto used name Lombardia. The author analyses the relationship between these competitive names and their functioning in Slovak. She bases his findings on the frequency of occurrence of these names in the corpora of the Slovak language – the family of web corpora Aranea and the Slovak National Corpus. The analysis takes into account the issues of lexicographic processing of these names, the principles of standardization of foreign names in Slovak, as well as international trends leading to reduction of exonyms in national languages. The practical use of the names Lombardia / Lombardsko is evidenced by examples from corpora. The author also notes them in the context of the linguistic adaptation of other names in the Italian regions. She considers the prioritization of the exonym Lombardsko at the expense of the form Lombardia through standardization as a manifestation of adaptive maximalism and linguistic purism in general in Slovak. Thus, the question of standardization of geographical names in Slovak also acquires a sociolinguistic dimension.
Slavica Slovaca
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2022
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vol. 57
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issue 2
149-155
EN
The present study considers semantic features of a specific group of lexical units of English origin – with the terminal suffix –ing – that are functioning in the contemporary Slovak language. The aim of our research is to investigate their semantic adaptation within contemporary journalistic genres. The research sample is to be studied in the framework of the journalistic texts corpus from the database of the Slovak National Corpus utilizing the search tool Sketch Engine.
EN
In this paper, basic statistical data about the Slovak linguistic units (lemmas, word forms, collocations, parts of speech or rather word classes) are analysed using various language resources. The frequency of lemmas and word forms in contemporary Slovak according to the dictionary Frekvencia slov v slovenčine (Frequency of Words in the Slovak Language) by Jozef Mistrík (1969) is compared with the data obtained from several Slovak National Corpus versions and some of its subcorpora. This provides an overview about the stability and dynamics of the Slovak language system in various areas of its usage during the last fifty-five years. Statistical information summarized in the frequency dictionaries and lists helps to understand better and more objectively the functioning of the linguistic units in communication. It also helps to determine the attributes of both typologically distant and close languages. This contribution serves as a demonstration of the possibilities of statistical analysis and it will be used as a base for preparation of a new frequency dictionary of Slovak based on the Slovak National Corpus material.
EN
We analyse reflexivity of Slovak verbs based on Slovak National Corpus. We derive a simple parameter describing the amount of reflexivity for a given verb, based on the distribution of the reflexive pronouns in the left and right context of the verb in the corpus, and apply the method to sort the verbs in the Slovak National Corpus according to the parameter. The method allows us to classify verbs automatically according to their reflexivity, given enough amounts of their occurrences in the corpus.
EN
In the early 1990s the field of corpus linguistics was not involved within the Slovak linguistics. J. Mistrík (Encyklopédia jazykovedy, 1993) predicted a substantial influence of various factors on the Slovak language and its research. Factors such as computerization, development of corpora and language technologies have also influenced the formation of the Slovak National Corpus. Internal conditions – necessity of material for language research and compiling a new monolingual dictionary of Slovak have also great impact on its establishment. The Slovak National Corpus was founded in 2002 with the support of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Culture and the Slovak Academy of Sciences. SNC comprises of several projects primarily focused on the linguistic research and language teaching. Currently, the corpus prim-6.1 contains 829 million tokens. The documents – texts in the corpus keep rich metadata description, including detailed style and genre annotation, and morphological annotation. There are many related corpora, e.g. manually morphologically annotated corpus, Slovak WebCorpus, Corpus of legal texts, Corpus of Spoken Slovak, several parallel corpora (Slovak-French, Slovak-Russian, Slovak-Czech, Slovak-English, Slovak-Latin). Separate projects are the Slovak morphology analyser, Slovak Terminology Database, Slovak WordNet, Corpus of Historical Slovak. The Slovak language resources are quite sufficient for basic language research, but NLP for Slovak requires further support.
EN
The presented study deals with the phenomenon of gender symmetry in the Slovak language environment with an emphasis on the journalistic field. It examines this phenomenon in the context of international politics aimed at a gender-balanced language, as well as in the context of the development of other languages. Its aim is to point out the degree of application of gender symmetric language forms specifying gender in journalistic texts. It first analyses the international political and legal context in relation to the application of inclusive/gender-balanced language and then presents the theoretical and methodological basis of research and the results of quantitative corpus analysis in the corpus of journalistic and informational texts prim-8.0-public-inf in the Slovak National Corpus.
EN
The study focuses on the functional combinatorics of the congruent attributions from the viewpoint of the universal-pragmatic theory of naturalness and the principle of cognitive economy. It deals with the procedural aspect of attributions which reflect a close connection between the syntactic and lexical level of language and interplay of the short and long term memory. Relying on the data of the Slovak National Corpus, the aim of the article is to (1) identify the factors which determine the substantive basis of a construction on the level of preference and recurrence, (2) specify semantically resonant attributions of the first, second and third prenominal zones, (3) explain the conflict between a restrictive function of the attribute and an expansive core of the developing attribution possibly caused by a constant balancing between the necessity of semantic (and grammar) compatibility and possibilities of pragmatic emphasis. The epistemic value of the article is its attempt to discuss particular ways by which its findings can be applied to other conceptual domains. It also aims at using its many exemplifications in further generalizations.
EN
The study focuses on the functional combinatorics of the congruent attributions from the viewpoint of the universal-pragmatic theory of naturalness and the principle of cognitive economy. It deals with the procedural aspect of attributions which reflect a close connection between the syntactic and lexical level of language and interplay of the short and long term memory. Relying on the data of the Slovak National Corpus, the aim of the article is to (1) identify the factors which determine the substantive basis of a construction on the level of preference and recurrence, (2) specify semantically resonant attributions of the first, second and third prenominal zones, (3) explain the conflict between a restrictive function of the attribute and an expansive core of the developing attribution possibly caused by a constant balancing between the necessity of semantic (and grammar) compatibility and possibilities of pragmatic emphasis. The epistemic value of the article is its attempt to discuss particular ways by which its findings can be applied to other conceptual domains. It also aims at using its many exemplifications in further generalizations.
EN
This paper focuses on the translation of chosen English collocations in fiction into Slovak. The research source used is the Slovak National Corpus. Altogether forty-five collocations are presented and five of them are analysed in greater detail. Two research objectives are set in order to look at the discussed topic in a more precise and comprehensive way. The research findings show that thirty English collocations (67 %) are free word combinations in their translation into Slovak. However, one of the translation equivalents (2 %) is a collocation and fourteen of them (31 %) are idioms. Therefore, the context and the translator´s decisions seem to play a very important role in the process of translating collocations.
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