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ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF VALUES (SYSTEM OF VALUES OF PRE-MODERN WORLD OF SLOVAK VILLAGE)

100%
Danglova O.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2005
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vol. 53
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issue 4
361-381
EN
The contribution deals with the value as a topic in the social sciences discourse.The authoress concentrates on a group of questions concerning the transformation of values as a result of modernisation, the on-going globalisation and, in the Slovak context, a post-communist transformation. She mentions the place given to the research into values by Slovak ethnography and stresses that despite the fact that there are only few earlier research studies concerning the issue of values, some of them have delivered large numbers of precious facts enabling to draw a picture of cultural standards based on the ideas, phenomena, objects, etc. Thus, these earlier ethnographic works might serve as a 'starting point' for the development of the topic - the process of constituting values in the pre-modern pre-industrial world of the Slovak countryside. Although the 'pre-capitalist world' of Slovak small towns and villages was slowly dying away at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries (at certain places only in the first half of the 20th century), it was still an omni-present principle of the Slovak micro-cosmos. Concentrating on a corpus of empirical data of the village of Cicmany it was also possible to draw a picture of the village and its inhabitants, and then seek to interpret what values they had, how these values related to how they could satisfy their material and partially also non-material spiritual needs, or whether the local people had their own concept of what was desirable in their social environment. Obviously the approaches to the assessment of their own values reflected the features of a pre-modern society, others changed during capitalist, socialist and post-socialist processes of modernisation. The authoress has highlighted cultural aspects of pre-modernity, which still had a great influence on the everyday life of the village of Cicmany at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In his everyday life, a villager of the pre-modern world, preoccupied by his worries about getting his everyday living, had much respect for standards, conventions and authorities. He firmly stuck to an idea that the division line between the good and the evil was predetermined. He judged events and actions according to whether they complied with what the usual state of affairs should be. Any deviation from the accepted norm caused dissatisfaction, criticism, or was taken as an offence against morality. In this context, an easier way to being knowledgeable of traditionalist pre-modern world values leads through an identification of negative attitudes rather than positive ones. They seem to be more clearly expressed in a disapproval of certain events, phenomena, actions, and objects which do not compare with habits and expectations than in an approval of them.
2

FAMILY OF PRESENT DAY

100%
Baratova J.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2006
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vol. 54
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issue 3
310-340
EN
The study concerns the life of a present family in the village Pitelova. The first part analyzes family structure and form. It presents social situation of the families, the most frequent family activities, forming of roles, division of labour, position of children and the internal emotional climate within the family. In the last part it indicates the value attitudes of the respondents towards family.
3
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TRUST, KINSHIP AND CIVIL SOCIETY IN A POST-SOCIALIST SLOVAKIAN VILLAGE

88%
Torsello D.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2008
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vol. 40
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issue 6
514-529
EN
In spite of the rich theoretical literature in the social sciences, trust is a concept which has showed comparatively little applicability to the field of anthropology. Anthropological accounts of trust are scarce because of the recognized difficulty to contextualize this notion in people's everyday practices and ideas. This paper argues that, in order to constitute a useful analytical tool, trust must be empirically explored as a social fact. In the context of rapidly transforming Eastern Europe, actors make attentive uses of trust and mistrust as strategic means to define relatedness and to achieve control of economic transactions. The end of state socialism and the dramatic changes brought about by the democratic transformation have taught the villagers of Kralova to look for secure avenues of social and economic interaction. The author argues that here mistrust is not to be seen as the negation of social relations, cooperation and collective action. Mistrust becomes an expression of people's preoccupation with the uncertainty of present times, as well as the reflection of the social processes underpinning human action. On the other hand, trust is never absolute, even in family and kin relations, where strong emotions and impending moral obligations may undermine its social nature.
4

FROM THE FIREPLACE AND STOVES TO THE FAMILY AND KIN. (METHAMORPHOSIS OF RESEARCH OF THE SLOVAK SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY) (Od ohnist a kamen k rodine a pribuznym (Promeny vyskumu slovenske spolocnosti a kultury ve 2.

75%
Kandert J.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2009
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vol. 57
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issue 3
282-289
EN
Late 1960s up to 1980s represent an important change in the history of the Slovak ethnology. Longitudinal fieldwork of the social systems of the Slovak countryside started during those decades to displace traditional topics of the Slovak ethnography. Sona Svecova played the central role in the change of ethnological/anthropological topic. She started and made long-term fieldworks of the social relations in several Slovak villages (Cicmany, Jedlove Kostolany, Hrusov). From 1970s up to 1990s she was a head of the working group for the comparative study of social systems and she influenced the whole generation of the Slovak ethnographers and some from Moravia and Bohemia, too.
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