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EN
Nowadays, ethnology can hardly assert that folklore traditions are only a phenomenon that lives independently in villages as a part of the everyday life of the local inhabitants. The role of folklore, even of that documented largely in different collections, has essentially changed alongside the transformation of the society, the rapprochement between village and town ways of life and the beginning expressions of mass culture. Some expressions have remained a continual part of everyday culture as a residue, some have been transmitted into new environments and contexts, some have been reconstructed, and others significantly stylized or deduced. They were and are a source of inspirations and modern expressions that in many respects take over the functions similar to the original ones. How should we understand folklore traditions in the 21st century and analyse them? The study based on field research dealing with two distinctive expressions (the male solo dance “verbuňk” and male folklore choirs in the Slovácko region) tries to answer this question. The contemporary Czech ethnology classifies both expressions as so-called ethno-cultural traditions. The chosen field probes capture the present situation in one of the folkloristically most distinct ethnographic areas in the Czech Republic, documenting the wealth and diversity of the folklore tradition that just pretend to be continual in many cases – at least it looks like this on the surface.
EN
Gendered practices in social work have never before been the subject of research in the Czech Republic. This article looks at gender perceptions and stereotypes in social work practices. It contains a discussion of some findings from a recent qualitative study of a social work organization. The research set out to explore the gendered constructions of women and men as clients. Data were collected from in-depth interviews with social workers. The conclusion of research is that women are constructed as responsible for protection, as cooperative, as subordinate and as hysterical, whereas men are constructed as outspoken, as uncooperative and as aggressive. The findings show the importance of raising the awareness of social workers about their gender strategies and the possible impact of these strategies on their professional work.
EN
The paper explores various policy designs of financial aid provided above the legal standard in some of the municipalities in the Czech Republic and aims to describe the specifics of those of the designs which were introduced by civil servants. The paper is theoretically based on the concepts of social construction of target populations, street-level bureaucracy and co-operation between politicians and civil servants. The case study of nine policy designs of the financial aid in five Czech municipalities reveal that both the role of civil servants introducing policy and the level of their discretion are derived from the relationship of the civil servant with respective politician. Financial aid introduced by civil servants has – compared to the aid introduced by politicians – lower budget and its target populations are narrower. At the same time, the civils servants´ designs support individuals from generally negatively constructed populations who are usually addressed by repressive policies.
EN
This article is based on a case study conducted in an Italian primary school where the interactions between a sightless girl (named Jasmine, aged 8) and her classmates were extensively observed. The initial aim was to understand and describe the problems encountered by the sightless pupil, who acted in a social, organizational and physical environment which was not designed for handicapped people. However, other theoretical issues emerged during the research. The main finding was that sightlessness seems socially and organizationally constructed before it becomes a biological/physical handicap. The organizational processes through which the blindness is slowly and routinely constructed were extensively described.
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