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DETAILS MATTER: THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT INSTRUCTIONS AND THEIR ORDER ON THE BIAS OF MEASURED PERSONALITY TRAITS BY SOCIAL DESIRABILITY

100%
Havan P., Kohút M.
Studia Psychologica
|
2023
|
vol. 65
|
issue 2
154-164
EN
Social desirability is a tendency to respond to items in a socially acceptable way. It can bias results and is a threat to the validity of the measure. The current study focused on exploring the effect of different instructions on personality traits. The sample consists of 363 Slovak adults, 260 women, and 103 men. The participants were between 18 and 62 years old (M = 25.6; SD = 6.76). The Big Five Inventory-2 was used for measuring personality traits and social desirability. The participants were split into two groups depending on which instruction was administered first – honest setting or social desirability inducing setting (imagining the selection situation). All participants responded to both scenarios. We hypothesized that extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are socially desirable traits, and so they will be higher using selection simulating instruction compared to honest instruction. The opposite was hypothesized for negative emotionality. The social desirability of open-mindedness was explored. The results confirmed all our hypotheses and showed that open-mindedness is a socially desirable trait as well. Importantly, we found an effect of the order of administrating different instructions – the effect of induced social desirability was present in the honest instruction setting.
2

PSYCHOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABILITY

80%
Varga A.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2006
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vol. 61
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issue 1
187-206
EN
In order to hinder the deepening of the environmental crisis, the 57th General Assembly of the UN, in December 2002, declared the years between 2005 and 2015 the decade of education for sustainable development. This means that the international community earmarks a whole decade to achieving the goal that all levels and forms of education be permeated by the basic values of sustainability and environment protection. The first part of the paper presents psychological explanations of the emergence of the environmental crisis from evolutionary, social psychological and environmental psychological points of views, and describes the help psychology can offer in the management of the crisis. Psychologists have come forth with suggestions for the management of the environmental crisis, suggestions which, however, have rarely been realized due to reasons outside of psychology. The second half of the paper deals with the measurements of environmental attitude in Hungary, focusing on a study conducted with the participation of 750 teenage pupils. The concluding part of the paper reviews further research in the field of education for sustainable development in Hungary and outlines the future tasks for psychology in this field.
3
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Úvod do problematiky výzkumu citlivých témat ve výběrových šetřeních

61%
Chylíková J.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2011
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vol. 5
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issue 2
185-203
EN
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the problems associated with the fielding of questions of a socially sensitive nature typically dealing with crime, health, and sexual activity in nationally representative sample surveys. This article presents an overview of previous research on this topic and associated themes such as the definition of sensitive survey questions, the emergence and impact of social desirability effects and application of the Cognitive Aspects of Survey Methodology (CASM) to mechanisms of question response on sensitive topics. Thereafter, this article maps out specific sources of error that are likely to occur when fielding sensitive survey questions; and highlights methods that may used to minimise measurement error, thereby enhancing data validity. The article concludes with an appraisal of some of the most influential criterion-validity used in this sub-field of survey research.
4

DECISION-MAKING STYLES AND SUBJECTIVE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DECISION-MAKING QUALITY AMONG HOSPITAL NURSES

51%
Pitel L., Mentel A.
Studia Psychologica
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2017
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vol. 59
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issue 3
217 – 231
EN
The Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) is a widely used measure of decision-making styles (adaptive: vigilance; and maladaptive: hypervigilance, buck passing, and procrastination), but there is little evidence regarding its predictive ability in professional settings. The aim of the study was to assess the association between MDMQ dimensions and subjective performance evaluation of decision-making quality (SPEDM) among hospital nurses (N = 109). We also assessed whether MDMQ can predict variance in SPEDM when controlled for affective traits (neuroticism – BFI; and self-esteem – RSES), social desirability (MC–SDS10), and length of practice. Self-rated SPEDM was positively associated with vigilance, and negatively associated with maladaptive decision-making styles. Supervisor-rated SPEDM was unrelated to decision- making styles. Social desirability slightly affected the relationships between self-rated SPEDM and decision-making styles. Despite several limitations, the results cast doubt regarding the ability of the MDMQ to predict decision-making quality.
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