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EN
In contemporary Europe the concept of human rights plays an undisputed role of a specific basis of all legal relations or even more: of all social relations. It does not mean the concept is free from any criticism. Particularly, it is questioned for its heterogenous character, and first of all it is criticized for extending the catalog of human rights too much, which may cause their inflation”. The author of the article discusses three issues. Firstly, he presents the heterogeneity of rights included in the catalog of human rights. Secondly, he describes criticism towards the rights in order to better formulate their legal peculiarity. Thirdly, he attempts toanswer the question, what is and what should be the role of human rights from the point of view of jurisprudence and social needs?
EN
The paper focuses on the problems of revitalising postindustrial areas and the processes of urban space degradation and regeneration. A small postindustrial town whose natural environment has suffered significant degradation serves as the example the analysis is based upon. There are also additional factors responsible for bringing down the quality of life and reducing the chances for local development, including rising unemployment, the worsening quality of urban potential, and a lack of attractive public spaces. The town population is decreasing due to migration processes and the decreasing birth rate. The main issue taken up in the paper concerns the social aspects of revitalisation processes in Brzeszcze, including the expectations and aspirations of its youngest inhabitants.
EN
As a rule, spatial planning should be an answer to the individual or collective requirements of a population that benefits from space. Over the years, attitudes towards what spatial planning really means and what role society and the state should play in it have changed. Planning objectives are defined according to the approach. Planning has always been regulated by law strictly connected with the ideology and political situation of the country in which it is being done. History provides numerous examples of planning measures that have taken place in hierarchical and asymmetric political systems. The requirements and expectations expressed in an individual or collective manner result from the various aspirations and preferences of the people, affiliation to social class or cultural patterns. In the process of planning, it is crucial to have broad knowledge of the subject matter and to confront it with the specifications and character of the space being planned. Bearing space, economy and/or social difficulties in mind, one can say that spatial planning is likely to impose spatial order or strong social conflict. That is why the relevant, varied and full participation of society in the process of planning is so important. A common approach to solving problems and taking action to satisfy social requirements where the local authorities are to be an instrument for realising aims should be standard practice.
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