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1

ON POTENTIALS AND LIMITS OF SOCIOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH ON LANGUAGE SHIFT

100%
Maitz P.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2008
|
vol. 104
|
issue 2
154-173
EN
The study investigates the potentials and limits of sociolinguistic research on language shift. Starting from a position that the ultimate goal of the research must be to create a general theory of language shift of predictive power, the author examines the explanatory potential of current mainstream research methodology regarded as canonical in the practice of research. He argues for the view that, for the purposes of the research goal mentioned, the arsenal of social psychology may prove more fruitful than sociologically-based correlative-global analysis methodology. There are, however, two necessary conditions on this. On the one hand, we cannot be satisfied with a mere additive consideration of 'subjective' psychological factors in addition to the 'objective' factors of language shift. Instead, there is a need for a general change in point of view. On the other hand, sociolinguistics needs to show greater care in treating terms, notions, and theories borrowed from social psychology in a methodologically more precise way than is reflected in today's research practice.
2

CHANGEABILITY OF SLANG VOCABULARY

80%
Widawski M.
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
|
2010
|
vol. 57
|
issue 1
3-12
EN
This paper analyzes some of the most frequent changeability processes in American slang. They may involve the change in slang with relation to standard language (from standard to slang, or vice versa), but they may also involve change within slang itself (via semantic shifts including pejoration, melioration, generalization, and specialization), as well as the appearance, disappearance, or reappearance of slang terms. This paper also discusses various types of slang with regard to language change (such as ephemeral, passive, static-core and recycled slang) and the reasons for change (such as social, generational, and other).
3

Das europäische Integrationskonzeptvor dem Hintergrund der Sprach- und Sprachenfrage

80%
Szubert R.
Germanica Wratislaviensia
|
2012
|
vol. 136
149-163
EN
The present paper focuses on the European Union multilingualism in the context of the communicative effectiveness intended by the governments of EU Member States and their communities. The author claims that this communicative effectiveness is of key importance with regard to the function and comprehensibility of languages which are important for the quality of life of every modern community, i.e. the specialist languages.
4

SLOVAK LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEMPORARY HOSPITAL COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENT

80%
Ruscak F., Farkasova J.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2008
|
vol. 73
|
issue 2
65-74
EN
The authors of this sociolinguistically oriented study explore the contemporary state of the Slovak language in hospital communication in its graphic and acoustic form. On the basis of acquired written communicates (prepared or unprepared) and acoustic recordings of unprepared speeches, they attempt to find out the contemporary diction of respondents, and especially linguistic-stylistic nature and communication function of the vocabulary used in dialogues between the physicians and patients, as well as in the monological texts. Besides, the study focuses on the characteristics of the hospital communication environment (S. Kukura Hospital in Michalovce) divided into internal (professional, without the participation of the patient) and accommodational (with the participation of the patient).
5

(Pro)nominale aanspreekvormen in Tom Lanoyes "Mefisto For Ever"

80%
Szczypińska M.
Neerlandica Wratislaviensia
|
2010
|
vol. 19
53-65
EN
The study of terms of address has always been an interesting and very popular topic among sociolinguists. The aim of this paper is to show the importance of the research in this area by means of an analysis of address forms in Tom Lanoye’s play as an example of personal address and address behaviour in contemporary Dutch. In the paper the term forms of address is being used not only in terms of the second-person singular pronoun (T and V), but it also comprises first and last names, titles and offensive terms. The purpose is also to show how the use of forms of address can be determined by such elements as sex, age, social background of the speaker. It has been chosen for a dramatic text as it seems to provide the best information on colloquial language of the period.
6

ANALYSIS OF THE COMPATIBILITY OF THE AVAILABLE LEXICON OF POLES AND SPANISH SPEAKERS (Análisis de la compatibilidad de los léxicos disponibles de polacos e hispanohablantes)

80%
Gonzalez A. M. L.
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
|
2010
|
vol. 57
|
issue 2
171-179
EN
To what extent does the Spanish lexicon learnt by Polish students of bilingual high school match the lexicon used by Spanish speakers? After discussing theoretical and methodological issues, a comparison of the available lexicons of Polish students and Spanish speakers answers this question, showing convergences and divergences, and detecting lexical gaps, which should be rectified.
7

Steven Pinker vs. Michael Tomasello in a dispute on the status of linguistic competencies

80%
Binczyk E.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
|
2006
|
issue 6(102)
147-164
EN
Using the example of dispute on the status of linguistic competencies, being key for language researchers, the text embarks on the issue of alternative interpretations of so-called 'empirical data'. Groundlessness of a rhetoric of 'scholarliness' and 'objectivity', as can be found in Steven Pinker's texts, is indicated. Pinker has several times formulated '‘empirical arguments' testifying to innateness of a language instinct. He has referred to data from various areas, including research on cognition in babies or language acquisition. The present article aims, among others, to show that there are alternative ways of interpreting such data, which indeed can be reconciled with diverse concepts of language. An exemplary opposing concept is Michael Tomasello's approach. Reference is also made to an article by Marshall M. Haith, which explicitly points out to a risk of overinterpretation of laboratory test results concerning cognition in babies.
8

LITERARY STUDY VERSUS CULTURAL SCIENCES

80%
Glowinski M.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
|
2005
|
issue 1/2(91/92)
44-49
EN
Should one understand the term 'culture' in a broad manner, as pursued by certain anthropologists or sociologists, literary scholarship/criticism would simply, like any other humanistic discipline, become part of cultural studies. This possible option should be taken into consideration, yet such a thesis, when assumed, appears not to open any novel opportunities. What it does is it condemns one to generalisation, however correct the latter might be. Should, however, the category in question be understood in a narrower way, then a whole series of issues occurs, along with various difficulties, of which one should merely become aware. For instance, why should so-called internal methods be usually approached as independent of the discipline called cultural studies, whilst others, being shaped otherwise in methodological terms, tend sometimes to be merged therewith? And, there is the very basic problem: Within what concepts is the issue of literary language designed for singling literature out of such context, and in what sorts of concepts does it provide a link to/with the related general-cultural phenomena? Plus, there is the issue of literary folklore study. The role of sociology of language as an entity linking literary study and cultural theory. What is the actual place of history in this context? Problem spheres connected with cultural studies: literature vs. traditional habits/morals; literature vs. other cultural institutions. There is a certain conventionality about singled-out cultural-science fields: cultural science appears to encompass certain not-as-yet-fully-crystallised items.
9

The pragmatics of replies to compliments: Data on the manifestation of the principle of modesty in Hungarian

80%
Szili K.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2004
|
vol. 128
|
issue 3
265-285
EN
This paper, sociopragmatic in nature, undertakes three tasks by the help of a linguistic corpus elicited from 170 subjects with a discourse completion test. First, it defines the strategies of replying to compliments of the Hungarian linguistic community. Then, it broadens its theoretical perspective and investigates the individual strategies in the light of Leech's maxims of politeness. The conclusions the authoress draws serve as a starting point to her third objective of exploring the cultural properties of replies to compliments. In particular, she wishes to find out if the norms directing the execution of speech acts of that kind in the community of Hungarian speakers rely on the principle of mutual understanding as in Western cultures or rather on the principle of modesty as preferred in Oriental cultures.
10
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Hiszpański Buenos Aires w kontekście historyczno-kulturowym

80%
Stala E.
Studia Iberystyczne
|
2009
|
vol. 8
103-110
EN
The aim of this article is to present a variety of Spanish from Buenos Aires, stemming from various factors: historical, linguistic and cultural. Obviously, as these factors undergo ongoing changes, so does the linguistic form. This is an attempt at signaling possible characteristics rather than to provide a thorough analysis, altogether with the intent of their interpretation as the final construct of the negotiation of meanings and forms.
11
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Linguistic issues in research on borderlands

80%
Krasowska H.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
|
2007
|
vol. 31
135-139
EN
The authoress reflects on the borderland theory according to theories set forth by specialists in various fields, among others A. Kloskowska and S. Dubisz. Two types of borderlands are presented in the further part of the article: Slavic - Slavic, i.e. Ukrainian-Polish and Polish-Ukrainian, and Slavic - Non-Slavic, i.e. Ukrainian-Romanian. These borderlands share a number of features, e.g. the incidence of language interference resulting from the language contact. The linguistic research of both borderlands pose serious difficulties. Particular emphasis is put on the fact that in the past the area of Bukowina witnessed also language contacts of the following kinds: Ukrainian-German, Ukrainian-Polish, as well as Slovakian-Ukrainian or Slovakian-Romanian. Concerning the cultural borderland, the characteristic features of Bukowina are: lack of dominant culture; economic character of migration; the foundation of new localities of national character. In addition to the research of language borderland it would be desired for the dialectology to include the issues of cultural research, ethnology and, in particular, sociolinguistics. The authoress points out that research of such kind is already being conducted in Poland by renowned specialists.
12
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National language as a resultant of nation-creating processes (reinterpretation of relations language vs. nation as presented by Dubravko Skiljan

80%
Molas J.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
|
2004
|
vol. 39
285-300
EN
Complex ethnic situation aggravated by problems associated with status of languages of the particular ethnic and national groups of the former Yugoslavia in the last 30 years caused evolution of analyses of social and political aspects of functioning of the language, which were extremely important not only in the perspective of the Slavic languages. As the status of the Serbo-Croatian language was the source of most of controversies, majority of papers refer to that very problem. The latest book by a Croatian linguist, Dubravko Skiljan, 'Govor nacije' (Zagreb 2002) offers a novel and interestingly inspiring interpretation of the issues. The book proposes the thesis which to a considerable degree relies on achievements of the Western sociolinguistics, especially that presented by J. Fishman. However, the undisputable merit is due to Skiljan for combining the theories functioning to date into a common and complex model that well explains the processes in which the Slavonic languages take their shape. The most important compounds of that model are: (1) Differentiation between the notions of communicational community/group, language community and national community, and also defining the relations and dependencies between the groups defined by those terms and notions. (2) Presentation of roles of elites in the process of formation of national languages. (3) Reversal of the perspective of description in which it is not the language that contributes to formation of a national community but the pursued by elites goal of the planned community is the most decisive factor in shaping the form and transformations of a given idiom.
13
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THE DIVERSITY OF THE LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL IDENTITY OF THE GERMAN-SPEAKING LUTHERAN MINORITY INHABITING THE TERRITORY OF THE FORMER RUSSIAN PARTITION IN POLAND IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES

80%
Vakareliyska C. M.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
|
2006
|
vol. 62
179-198
EN
The article is a sociolinguistic study of the long-standing German-speaking Lutheran minorities in two adjacent provinces of the 19th-century Russian Empire ('Mazowsze', in present-day Poland, and 'Suwalszczyzna', in present-day southwestern Lithuania). Based on archival and field research, the study examines how members of this ethnoconfessional minority and their descendants perceived their own language, cultural, and ethnic identity over the 200+ years that they lived, as Russian citizens, in a community with multiple dominant languages (Polish, Russian, and sometimes Lithuanian). The study focuses on the Lutheran settlers and their descendants, who tended not to lose the language as quickly as their Roman Catholic counterparts, as the Lutheran liturgy, Sunday School lessons, and Confirmation training all required an ability to read and speak German. There are indications, however, that the cultural and language self-identification of the Lutheran Russian Germans was more complex than the historical scenario suggests. The most striking factor is their multilingualism: by the mid-19th century, most Russian Germans were native-level speakers of Polish, and many were trilingual in Lithuanian. Many had at least an elementary knowledge of Yiddish, and after 1868, when Russian replaced Polish as the state language, those who went to school learned to read and write in Russian. Comparing data from both before and after 1868 on language choice, language interference between Russian and Polish, and individual naming and signature practices, the article draws the conclusion that most German-speaking Lutherans in Mazowsze and Suwalszczyzna identified themselves linguistically and culturally not only with German, but also, to a significant extent, with Polish and, to a lesser extent, with Russian.
14
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(IM)POLITENESS IN THE ELECTRONIC MEDIA

80%
Dabrowska M.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
|
2006
|
vol. 62
117-128
EN
The paper describes deviations from the conventional norms of politeness in the process of communication via e-mail between students (as subordinates) and lecturers (as their superiors) in the English Department. It has been noted that the students are to a large extent unable to use an appropriate register in their e-mail correspondence, focusing more on the aspects of solidarity between interlocutors rather than power distance between them. These modifications manifest themselves through a variety of elements, e.g. a disregard for the norms of punctuation and spelling, the use of forms of address typical of the spoken interaction with peers, code-mixing between Polish and English, or the choice of vocabulary and style unsuitable for the type of relationship. All these violate the traditional linguistic etiquette. This is additionally augmented by the inappropriate phrasing of requests which formally often employ the markers characteristic for orders. These changes are attributed to the student's predominant exposure to electronic media communication in informal contexts which consequently acts as the prototype for the written communication process in the modern era.
15

SLAVIC-YIDDISH LEXICAL BORROWINGS IN AMERICAN SLANG

70%
Kowalczyk M.
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
|
2010
|
vol. 57
|
issue 1
13-24
EN
The purpose of this paper is to shed light on a very interesting yet little known part of the American slang lexicon, namely Slavic-Yiddish lexical borrowings. Yiddish is generally considered as the language that has given the most new forms to American slang. Although its contribution has been limited to some three hundred words, they are enormously popular and enjoy a high frequency in usage, as evidenced by numerous occurrences in the popular media. There have been numerous studies done on Yiddish borrowings in slang but none of them focused specifically on their Slavic-Yiddish component, that is, borrowings from Yiddish which themselves originated from Slavic languages. The authoress decided to remedy this situation. In this paper she will analyze over sixty Slavic-Yiddish lexical borrowings collected from the U.S. media which she has encountered while doing research on slang in the New York University Library and the New York Public Library (USA).
16

Written language as the object of acquisition

70%
Lengyel Z.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2004
|
vol. 128
|
issue 1
94-103
EN
This paper analyses the issue of language acquisition in a psycho- and sociolinguistic perspective, discussing its behaviourist, maturational and constructionist theories. All these approaches share the feature that, with respect to language acquisition, they take both an innate language faculty and a set of environmental effects into consideration. The various approaches mainly differ in terms of the proportions of influence they attribute to each of these components. Another shared feature is that most approaches usually restrict the issue of language acquisition to the acquisition of the spoken form of one's native language. However, evidence is accumulating that, due to environmental factors, a simultaneous acquisition of the written and spoken versions of the mother tongue cannot be excluded, either. This paper presents detailed data concerning the linguistic development, with respect to written language, of a child between the ages of 2 and 4. The phenomenon analysed here, the pre-school acquisition of the written form of a child's native language, raises not only theoretical problems but also those of a very practical nature in connection with mother tongue education.
17

T/V FORMS OF ADDRESS, GREETING AND ADDRESSING PEOPLE WITHIN THE FAMILY

70%
Domotor A.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2005
|
vol. 129
|
issue 3
299-318
EN
The author of this paper investigates three interrelated phenomena of language use with respect to the family as a scene of linguistic encounters. Her questionnaire survey gives the reader a glimpse of the language use of four generations in three types of settlements. With respect to the topics indicated in the title, the analysis reveals the characteristics of the language use of the individual generations and presents the differences between them. The study is sociolinguistically-based, the author does not refer to language cultivation issues related to these topics; but she does cover phenomena that seem to contradict the existence of tendencies that are a matter of popular belief and are often commented on in the language cultivation literature.
18

PURIZMUS V DISKRIMINAČNOM DISKURZE I.

70%
Ondrejovič S.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2020
|
vol. 85
|
issue 2
127 – 142
EN
The author develops some ideas and suggestions of Juraj Dolník, the principal author of the project Discriminatory Instrumentalization of the Language, as well as ideas and motives from Dolník´s monographic works and studies (especially Dolník, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2017, 2020), or as well as some works written by like-minded domestic and foreign authors. Discrimination occurs in particular when the assimilation security of the discriminated entity is distorted at the level of harmful differentiation, unequal treatment and disadvantage. The author also adds another aspect of discriminatory activities, or another aspect of distortion of the assimilation certainty – limitation (restriction), or inhibition (impeding, slowing down) of the real application and positive use of the potential offered by living natural language to its users, which they use (or do not use) at a different level for different purposes depending on their needs or situation. This text also engages purism and relevant ideologies in discriminatory discourse. Purist language care focuses on maintaining the language standard, and thus on reducing any changes in the language, as if in the interest of the language. In addition, purists strongly oppose words of foreign origin, which also does not contribute to the health of the language. Stability has never meant, and does not mean, its immutability, and in fact for this reason, even in modern linguistics, there has been no discussion of any stability, but only of flexible stability. The standard therefore adapts as required by language and life practice. The paper also analyses discriminatory acts related to purism and their ideologies, such as protectionism, defeatism, conservatism, purism, homonogenism, decadentism, etc. It also discusses the correlation between discrimination and globalism, the relationship between purism, nationalism and totalitarianism, the relationship between multilingualism and the concept of lingua franca within the European Union, as well as the relationship between systemological and sociopragmatic linguistics.
19

PURIZMUS V DISKRIMINAČNOM DISKURZE II.

70%
Ondrejovič S.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2020
|
vol. 85
|
issue 3
243 – 264
EN
The author develops some ideas and suggestions of Juraj Dolník, the principal author of the project Discriminatory Instrumentalization of the Language, as well as ideas and motives from Dolník´s monographic works and studies (especially Dolník, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2017, 2020), or as well as some works written by like-minded domestic and foreign authors. Discrimination occurs in particular when the assimilation security of the discriminated entity is distorted at the level of harmful differentiation, unequal treatment and disadvantage. The author also adds another aspect of discriminatory activities, or another aspect of distortion of the assimilation certainty – limitation (restriction), or inhibition (impeding, slowing down) of the real application and positive use of the potential offered by living natural language to its users, which they use (or do not use) at a different level for different purposes depending on their needs or situation. This text also engages purism and relevant ideologies in discriminatory discourse. Purist language care focuses on maintaining the language standard, and thus on reducing any changes in the language, as if in the interest of the language. In addition, purists strongly oppose words of foreign origin, which also does not contribute to the health of the language. Stability has never meant, and does not mean, its immutability, and in fact for this reason, even in modern linguistics, there has been no discussion of any stability, but only of flexible stability. The standard therefore adapts as required by language and life practice. The paper also analyses discriminatory acts related to purism and their ideologies, such as protectionism, defeatism, conservatism, purism, homonogenism, decadentism, etc. It also discusses the correlation between discrimination and globalism, the relationship between purism, nationalism and totalitarianism, the relationship between multilingualism and the concept of lingua franca within the European Union, as well as the relationship between systemological and sociopragmatic linguistics.
20
Content available remote

POLISH STUDIES IN LITHUANIA AFTER WORLD WAR II (Polonistyka na Litwie po drugiej wojnie swiatowej)

70%
Masojc I.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
|
2011
|
vol. 35
EN
The history of academic Polish in Lithuania after the Second World War was largely dependent on historical and political circumstances, therefore, it can be divided into two periods: Polish studies in the Soviet Lithuania (1961-1989) and Polish studies in the independent Lithuania (1990-2010). The purpose of this article is to characterize didactic, scientific and popularizing activity of the two centers - Department of Polish Philology and Didactics, which exists at Vilnius Pedagogical University since 1961, and Centre of Polish Studies at Vilnius University, which was established in 1993. Description of Polish academic researches seeks to distinguish main directions of the carried out researches and present most significant achievements of Polish academicians in Vilnius. Particular attention is paid to linguistic issues, where the dominant role is played by the studies of dialectologic and sociolinguistic nature.
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