Search results

1

NATIONALITY PROBLEMS OF TRANSCARPATHIA (Problematyka narodowosciowa Rusi Zakarpackiej)

100%

Eberhardt P.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2011

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issue 39

27-60

EN

The article discusses ethnic diversity and the changes which took place in Transcarpathia in the 20th century. First, the author presents the historical background for a statistical-demographical analysis. He points to the peripheral location of the region and the fact that it often changed its political affiliation. Thus, for a period of almost a thousand years the province was included within the borders of Hungary; between 1919 and 1939 it became part of Czechoslovakia, and after a four-day long period of independence (14-18 March, 1939) it was again incorporated into Hungary between 1939 and 1945. After World War II it was part of a Soviet republic, and since 1991 it has been included in the independent state of Ukraine. Each of these periods brought far-reaching demographic and ethnic consequences. The population of Transcarpathia consisted of Slavic people of Ruthenian origin, mostly Greek Catholics. The inhabitants of the province were subjected to Hungarian, Ukrainian, and Russian influences and believed in different options, such as pro-Ukrainian, pro-Russian, or separatist, i.e. Ruthenian. These issues are discussed in detail in the article and thoroughly interpreted by the author. He also points to the fact that the territory of Transcarpathia was inhabited by numerous ethnic minorities. The Hungarian minority has always been the most important, both in the past and in the present; today it is concentrated in the south of the province. In the past, Jews and Germans also constituted sizeable minorities, while Romanians and Slovaks were always of marginal significance here. The final part of the article presents the scale of the separatist tendencies which may have dangerous political consequences in the future.

2

Sociologie vědy a sociologická metateorie

80%

Petrusek M.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2007

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vol. 16/29

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issue 2

31-59

EN

The article surveys the ways science was thematized as a sociological subject. It starts with the reflections on knowledge and science in the Enlightenment, further reviews the main contributions of Comtean philosophy and sociology of science, stresses Merton's role in making the traditional sociology of knowledge open to empirical research, and traces the subsequent development of the field: the progress of quantitative analyses and ethnographic researches of science, the Kuhnian turn towards historicizing and Foucaultian turn towards the politics of science, the evolution of cognitive sociology of science, as well as the inspirations drawn from works of Bloor, Barnes, and Latour.

3

A Social Critique of Czech Musicality: A Typology of Listeners to Music

80%

Bek M.

Hudební věda (Musicology)

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2005

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vol. 42

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issue 1

63-78

EN

In the autumn of 2001, the author conducted a rather extensive sociological survey in the Czech Republic concerning preferences in music and musical activities. A representative sample of the population, aged between 18 and 75, included more than 1 000 people. The survey Explorer broader contexts of musical consumption as well. A set of questions concerning the relationship of the subjects to social groups defined by nationality and race, and attitudes to violence or sexual orientation, served as indicators of broader cultural values. The exploration of relationships among musical and extra-musical characteristics resulted in constructing a slightly Adornian typology of listeners to music including following types: Brass & Country, Pop Only, Soft Rock, Easy Listening, Hard Core, Classical Tradition, and Love for Everything.

4

Společnost jako sociální konstrukce a text

80%

Petrusek M.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2008

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vol. 17/30

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issue 3-4

5-54

EN

The moderate interpretation of the Thomas' Theorem suggests little more than a failure at the assessment of objective situation. Its radical interpretation allows thinking the existence of new social reality. The postmodern condition facilitates this understanding. The underlying idea is not recent; Marx's theory is a precursor to the constructionist approach. The canonical foundations of social constructionism were laid by Berger and Luckmann, who sought to reconcile Weberian and Durkheimian traditions in their concept of the social construction of reality. Phenomena like gender or consumerism appear to be suitable objects for such an approach. Attribution of meaning in culture nonetheless offers to expand the principle to any domain and, in some cases, such as the labeling theory of deviation, it tries its own limits. Applied to science itself, the principle raises questions about the status of scientific knowledge that circumvent epistemological issues. Social constructionism is itself surpassed by the linguistic turn and discursive theories of society. The notion of society as text may challenge realist and objectivist positions. In order to remain productive, however, the notion must retain the presupposition of order and rules of reading and thus admit that, actually, society is not merely a text.

5

PROCESS TRACING: ZKOUMÁNÍ KAUZALITY V PŘÍPADOVÝCH STUDIÍCH

80%

Mazák J.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2017

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vol. 49

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issue 1

55 - 80

EN

This paper addresses process tracing as a tool for studying causality in case studies. The method of process tracing, which is based on explicit specification of a causal mechanism and formalized treatment of empirical evidence, is intensively developed in political science. However, sociology and other social sciences seem to be turning a blind eye to the method. Therefore, the paper strives to familiarize the Czech and Slovak sociological community with this method and to outline the ongoing discussions about its application. The value of process tracing dwells not only in the elaborate frame for standardization of case studies, but also in the related debates reflecting upon a whole range of general methodological issues. This makes process tracing a valuable lesson in contemporary social science methodology and possibilities in non-experimental analysis of causality.

6

Nejdříve dítě, potom svatba? Rodinné dráhy neprovdaných matek

80%

Chaloupková J.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2011

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vol. 12

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issue 2

30-39

EN

One of the most important factors contributing to the increasing diversity of family trajectories is the growing prevalence of unmarried cohabitation and extramarital births. Using data from the ‘Social and Economic Conditions of Motherhood’ survey (SEPM) from 2006, this paper explores the factors influencing the probability that an unmarried mother will marry after childbirth. The findings show that for one-third of unmarried mothers in the Czech Republic unmarried parenthood is the first phase in the family life-course leading to marriage rather than long term family arrangement. Unmarried mothers living in unmarried cohabitation, women with higher education, and women who have postponed marriage due to pregnancy have a higher probability of making the transition to marriage. The analysis does not confirm that the uncertainty of the relationship and a partner’s negative attitudes towards marriage at the time of childbirth have negative effects on the transition to marriage after childbirth.

7

Literární život jako předmět literární historie

80%

Scherber P.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

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2005

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vol. 53

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issue 4

518-540

EN

This essay provides an overview of the changes and shifts in the use of 'literary life' and other terms related to sociological and economic aspects of literary communication. Originally published in 1989, it now has a preface by Tomás Pavlicek (pp 518-520).

8

Empirické výzumy (současného) náboženství v letech 1946-1989. Prolegomena k vývoji české sociologie náboženství v období marxistické dominace

80%

Nespor Z. R.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

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2007

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vol. 14

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issue 2-3

399-438

EN

The article first summarizes projects of quantitative sociological research into Czech religiousness, which were carried out from 1946 to 1989 (when, with the exception of 1950, religious affiliation was not a question on the census), and it subjects this research to a methodical critique. The author then discusses the institutional background of these research projects. Research into religious attitudes was carried out in 1946 by the recently established Institute of Public Opinion Research. After the Communist takeover, however, sociology was no longer an acceptable discipline, and State organs that were also working against religion took over this research task. Their research into 'objective religious factors,' conducted from the 1950s to the 1980s, considered only the decline in church-based religious feeling. More profound sociological research was made possible with the establishment of the Institute of Sociology at the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in the 1960s. Though this research was in the sway of the models of the period, that is to say, the 'sociology of the parish', it was relatively successful, methodologically suitable research (for instance into religiousness in North Moravia, 1963, with an attempt to expand it to the whole country), and met with a positive international response. It was doomed, however, by the policy of 'Normalization,' when the Institute of Sociology was merged with the Institute of Philosophy. Sociological research into religion was then entrusted to the Institute of Scientific Atheism, which was established in Brno. (The most important research that it conducted was into the religiousness of pupils and students of elementary and secondary schools in South Moravia, 1979.) Similar research was also carried out by the reorganized Public Opinion Research Institute in 1979, 1983, 1985, 1986, and 1989. Not one of these projects, however, can be considered rigorous, because the methods used were ideologically in the sway of the regime, it was not of sufficiently professional quality, and was palpably behind modern Western developments in the sociology of religion. More credible research, though limited for practical reasons, was provided by 'samizdat' and emigre sociology, which cast doubt on the idea of the automatic secularization of Czech society in connection with modernization and the dominance of Marxist thought. The development of truly unbiased research could take place only after the changes that began in late 1989. When interpreting earlier research and comparing results with contemporary findings on religiousness one must therefore bear in mind that it cannot be done without taking into account the conditions of the society and of the discipline in which the research was originally conducted, as well as the aims it was intended for.

9

Bremeno dôkazu majú znášať tí, ktorí trvajú na disparite privilégií, alebo načo oprašovať staré filozofické argumenty

80%

Szapuová M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2011

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vol. 12

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issue 1

3-12

EN

Justifying the subordinated position of women in society by appealing to biological sex differences has a long history and is popular today, too. In this article the author aims to reconstruct some counter-arguments against such kind of legitimisation of gender inequality developed by Harriet Taylor Mill and John Stuart Mill in the 19th century. These philosophers articulated the problem of women’s subjection, and in line with their liberal position argued for women’s liberation on the grounds of freedom and social justice as well as on those of ethical utilitarism. The author argues that the arguments of these philosophers merit attention even today.

10

Skryté výzvy ekofeminismu

80%

Javorská Z.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2010

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vol. 11

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issue 2

16-22

EN

This contribution points to interesting connections between the current critical condition of nature and women's position in society. I give an account of ecofeminism and try to place it within the context of feminist and environmental movement. The purpose of this article is to introduce the basic ideas of ecofeminism, whose underlying principle is a critique of dualistic thinking, and a critique of the application of the logic of dominance and hierarchy. I argue that this critique may be based on feministic epistemology. Furthermore, I explain the ecofeminist critique of dualistic thinking and hierarchy against the changes on the background of the scientific revolution, which had a big impact on the position of women in society and the current global ecological crisis.

11

Proměny časování a způsobu návratu matek do zaměstnání

80%

Hašková H.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2011

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vol. 12

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issue 2

40-52

EN

In a European comparison, the Czech Republic is one of the countries where motherhood has the biggest negative impact on women’s employment participation. Some researchers explain this situation as resulting from Czech mothers’ preferences for a long-term interruption to their labour market participation. Others stress that preferences are structurally and culturally embedded and identify barriers to the return of Czech mothers to the labour market. In this article, the author first introduces a critique of the theories that focus on preferences in work-life balance studies. Second, inspired by the critique and based on a representative survey of the Czech adult population from 2010 focused on life course histories, the author analyses changes in the length of women’s employment interruptions caused by motherhood since the 1950s and describes the current refamilization model applied in Czech society. Subsequent analysis of biographical interviews with mothers of small children provides an insight into their decision-making about returning to the labour market, and the analysis also shows that statistical evidence of the increase in the economic inactivity of Czech mothers often relates to their involvement in unpaid or unofficially paid economic activities. These strategies are the result of their structurally and culturally constrained decision-making and limited opportunities to achieve work-life balance. At the end of the day, these factors strengthen long-term gender inequalities in the society.

12

Předpoklady sociologické metateorie a filosofie vědy

80%

Petrusek M.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2007

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vol. 16/29

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issue 3-4

EN

As a challenge to those who do not give much credit to reflecting on sociology as a science, this essay stresses the import of metatheoretical considerations. After all, what is known as postmodern discourse is scarcely a little more than metatheorizing and the phenomenon of the so-called 'crisis of sociology' cannot be comprehended without some metatheoretical premises. Knowledge about knowledge should therefore form a special field of inquiry and enjoy its relative autonomy. In this article, the place for metasociology is delimitated by the account of the development of the general science of science. While the prefix 'meta-' originally came from linguistics as a way to differentiate a proposition about an object of science from a proposition about science itself, the history of metatheorizing can be traced back to ancient philosophy. Hence, the most important sources of inspiration for this intellectual activity are epistemology and the philosophy of science. A crucial moment in their development was the so-called 'crisis in physics' that carried over to social sciences and spawned many contemporary trends such as the multicultural approach to sociology and the radical stance of methodological anarchism. The major philosophical orientations that have most directly addressed the questions about the scientific knowledge have been neopositivism and analytical philosophy on one hand, and phenomenology on the other one. No claims about metasociology can be made without being acquainted with at least the elementary positions in this exchange of ideas that took place in the philosophy of science. Metasociology, itself divided into metatheory and metamethodology (or general methodology), makes up an integral part of the science of science.

13

Porodní péče a zkušenosti českých žen: kvalitativní studie

80%

Hrešanová E.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2011

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vol. 12

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issue 2

63-74

EN

Focusing on Czech birth care, this article examines the birth experience of 40 women who gave birth in different maternity hospitals during the past seven years. It investigates how these women approached birth care and what ideas they had about it. The article builds on semi-structured and narrative interviews with postpartum women, which were conducted within two different research projects. The interviewees differed in many aspects and especially in their general approach to childbirth issues and their interest in the subject. Several key issues emerged out of the thematic analysis of interviews: fear of childbirth, birth care evaluations, priorities and demands, and strategies of their enforcement. These issues are part of a wider concept of birth care, and five different conceptions of birth care were identified in the women’s birth narratives. They reflect different attitudes to the medicalization of birth care, different levels of knowledge and interest in childbirth issues, and different perceptions of their own position in the context of care provision.

14

Migrant female Musicians and their Fight for Social Rights

80%

Gammaitoni M.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2020

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vol. 46

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issue 3 (177)

85–99

EN

The aim of this essay is to examine the social action of women composers, often obliged to migrate, for long or short periods, in search of greater freedom and affirmation of their musical talent. The history of yesterday and today features numerous women musicians, composers and performers, active in the production of music, in social and political life, who often had and have to travel and migrate to assert themselves. Going on tour has always been part of the life of the artist – but for women it was not easy to travel freely and at will, on their own besides. Until the nineteenth century, such a thing was almost always strictly forbidden. Sometimes women composers and performers left the countries in which they resided for personal reasons, driven not only by the “compulsion” to change country because in their own it was impossible to choose the pathway they wished to follow.

15

Slepá ulička instituce nájemní domácí péče

80%

Uhde Z.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2012

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vol. 13

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issue 1

12-23

EN

The article focuses on analyzing the institution of hired domestic care in the context of global connections of social relations and changing social forms of care. In the first part, the author introduces the social context in which the market model of care and transnational care practices partake in forming the process of distorted emancipation. In the second part, she focuses on feminist contentions about the meaning and possibilities of transformation of the institution of hired domestic care. In the third part, a systematic analysis of this institution is presented, examining forms of relationships between the domestic worker and the employer with a reference to institutional conditions and employers’ attitudes. With respect to the dimensions of personal/impersonal relationships and the degree of formalization of the relationship between the domestic worker and the employer, the author differentiates four major forms of relationships: paternalistic/maternalistic relationship, instrumental relationship, the relationship of contractual professionalization, and the relationship of personalism. These forms of relationships are connected with four possible attitudes towards domestic workers: subordination, fictive reification, valuation of achievement, and respect. On the basis of her analysis the author identifies drawbacks of the professionalization of hired domestic work and care as a solution to gender and social injustice emerging from this institution. At the end, the author outlines a public model of care as a starting point for a future exploration.

16

Durkheim a epistemologie, Durkheimova epistemologie

80%

Chvatal J.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2007

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vol. 16/29

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issue 3-4

133-155

EN

Based especially on 'The Elementary Forms of Religious Life' (1912) the text tries to delimitate contours of 'Durkheim's epistemology' (i. e. relatively coherent group of assertions). It argues that the deep 'objective' of this connection is to ensure autonomy and specific field for the new-born scientific province, sociology, through the claim that this contribution can solve and actually does solve (from the French sociologist's point of view) 'traditional epistemological hardships' into which philosophical empiricism and rationalism fall. Durkheim's sociological deduction of categories (instead of transcendental deduction), as Ernst Cassirer calls it, is presented in contrast to the 'holy positivists interpretations' of his writing, exclusively intentional conceptualizations of action and notion formation, and correspondence theory of truth. The text concludes that despite noticeable inconsistencies Durkheim's suggestions provide inspiring material even for today's sociological production in this field.

17

Sociologická technoimaginace

80%

Dvorak T.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2008

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vol. 17/30

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issue 3-4

85-116

EN

The article introduces the concept of 'sociological technoimagination' and delineates the field of visualizations used in the social sciences: the various forms of graphs, schemes, and diagrams. It surveys the uses and functions of visualizations in sciences generally and places their development in the wider context of the modernization of vision of the 19th century; examining the pioneering uses of visualization methods by Etienne-Jules Marey, Francis Galton, or Otto Neurath. Gabriel Tarde's account of statistics (from his Laws of Imitation, 1890) is reinterpreted in regard to both the nature and social roles of the sociological technoimagination.

18

K prehistorii českých kolektivních domů

80%

Guzik H.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2012

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vol. 13

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issue 1

42-51

EN

Collective homes and housing collectivization are phenomena that are usually considered to be ideologically close to Marxism and anarchism. In the 19th century, however, socialization of domestic work was part of various ideological streams, from social democrats to the business establishment. At the beginning of the 20th century, various forms of collective housing garnered the attention of the Czech intellectual elite. Information about collective housing came either directly from the United States of America or from Germany and Scandinavia. Czech sociologists regarded it as a contribution to social solidarity; feminists, on the contrary, as an instrument for the reinforcement of the family. The concept of homes with central kitchens came to Bohemia not only as part of a political and economic discourse but also in utopian novels and as part of architectural debates. Czech architecture and literature were, however, reserved about collective housing. The first larger reflection on central kitchens did not appear in Czech architecture until the beginning of the 1920s, on the margins of debates about the garden city. Among feminists, in contrast, we can see an uninterrupted interest in the socialization of domestic work during the entire first four decades of the 20th century. And it was feminists who managed to give the theoretical deliberations a real, albeit very constrained architectural form.

19

VYUŽITÍ KONCEPTU SUBKULTUR V SOCIOLOGII SPORTU

80%

Svoboda A.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2017

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vol. 49

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issue 5

542 – 560

EN

The paper links two fields of research: subcultural studies and sociology of sport. The aim of the paper is two-fold. First, it presents the current state of research of subcultures with a brief historical outline and theoretical ground. Second, it outlines sporting subcultures together with the specific tool for exploring them – the subcultural capital. The nature of subcultural capital, which is based on authentic subcultural practices, suggests possible further extension of subcultural studies which are often limited to youth and lifestyle sport communities. Thus, it indicates on going relevance of the concept of subculture which is questioned in contemporary post-subcultural studies.

20

K NIEKTORÝM OTÁZKAM ROZHODOVANIA SLOVENSKÝCH DOMÁCNOSTÍ

80%

Kika M., Kollár J.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2020

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vol. 52

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issue 4

354 – 373

EN

The paper deals with the issues of decision-making. It focuses on the knowledge of selected aspects of decision-making in households, which has so far received only marginal attention. It answers the question to what activities households perform in the decision-making process, identifies the main decision makers and circumstances that limit their decision-making. Based on the statements of more than 500 households about decision-making in eight selected activities and leisure time it provides initial information about Slovak households in term of their decision-making.

Refine search results

NATIONALITY PROBLEMS OF TRANSCARPATHIA (Problematyka narodowosciowa Rusi Zakarpackiej)

Sociologie vědy a sociologická metateorie

A Social Critique of Czech Musicality: A Typology of Listeners to Music

Společnost jako sociální konstrukce a text