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SALOMEA KOWALEWSKA'S SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENCE

100%
Gasparski W.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2004
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vol. 40
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issue 4(162)
535-540
EN
The quintessence of Salomea Kowalewska's sociology of science is presented in this paper. She formulated it in articles published in the 'Science Studies Problems' in the period of 1980-2000. The forever topical questions of the sociology express her postulate to do research on: population of scientists as a community sharing the same values and norms, organisational initiatives related to transformation the community into learned organisation, and methods of building co-operation with foreign partners
2
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FLORIAN ZNANIECKI'S SOCIOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE VERSUS CONSTRUCTIVIST SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE (Floriana Znanieckiego wizja socjologii wiedzy a wspólczesne nurty socjologii poznania naukowego)

63%
Zuber M.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2009
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vol. 45
|
issue 2(180)
259-269
EN
David Bloor, one of the authors of the strong programme for the sociology of science, evoked Florian Znaniecki, together with Emile Durkheim and Karl Mannheim as one of pioneers of the new sociology of science. However, the approach of representatives of SSK (sociology of scientific knowledge) to Znaniecki's oeuvre is somehow ambiguous. The authors of the strong programme do not analyse his works, satisfying themselves with its purely declarative approval. The authoress goal in this article is to point out that if they did study Znaniecki's work carefully, they would probably notice some clear contradictions between their programme and Znaniecki's ideas; they could also trace several ideas deserving to be developed. Firstly, they should have noticed Znaniecki's disapproval of attempts at creating sociology of science/knowledge that would explain the content of scientific beliefs. Secondly, they could have realised the existence of many important similarities between Znaniecki's theory of cultural systems and K.R Popper's idea of the Third World, as Popper's work was their main negative point of reference. Thirdly, they could have analysed Znaniecki's idea of humanistic coefficient in search for inspirations.
3

A rank-and-file literary-science employee on himself, language, and a great cemetery of literature

63%
Koziolek R.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
|
2006
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issue 6(102)
192-201
EN
A sketch attempting at unveiling two effects of the literary-scientist profession: a specific alienation from the language and the sense of social and professional uncertainty of the function of literary scholar, proving rather sharp at present. The poetics of a personal confession applied in this essay is intended to reinforce the utterance's credibility.
4
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Ethos nauki i uczonego w świetle koncepcji nauki J. Goćkowskiego

51%
Kisiel P.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2011
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vol. 47
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issue 2(188)
203-215
EN
This article aims to discuss the idea of ethos of science and ethos of scholar in the sociology of science of J. Gockowski. The starting point for analysis of the problem is defining the very concept of ethos. Then, the author discusses the distinction between the ethos of science and the ethos of scholar and points out the consequences of this distinction for the sociological analysis of scientific life. In this context, the author examines the character of J. Gockowski as a scholar, who not only was the theorist of the theory of ethos of science, but also who applied the ethos requirements and rules in his everyday scientific activity.
5

Bruno Latour's philosophy of science and anthropologic approach

51%
Berger V.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
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2008
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vol. 18
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issue 4
72-92
EN
This paper tries to reconstruct the way Bruno Latour thinks of science, by concentrating mainly on his book Pandora's Hope, which is applicable for this intention, because of the multiplicity of its topics. Latour wants to overcome the dichotomy of constructivism and naturalism. This ambition will be demonstrated on some of his key concepts. The idea of circulating reference is meant to be the replacement of the subject-object dichotomy. He also has a peculiar answer to the question whether the objects of science are fabricated or real. Latour's approach also makes it possible to judge scientific research programmes. The traditional dichotomy of extemalism and intemalism in the sociology of science is replaced by Latour by the concept of the circulatory system of science. Latour's theory owes much to his anthropological perspective on science.
6
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FLORIAN ZNANIECKI'S SOCIOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE (Socjologia wiedzy Floriana Znanieckiego)

51%
Chmielewski A.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2009
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vol. 45
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issue 2(180)
223-231
EN
The subject of the paper is an analysis of a programme of sociology of scientific knowledge, initiated by Florian Znaniecki in his book 'The Social Role of the Man of Knowledge' (1940) and his other works in science of science. Author points out to a series of significant affinities between Znaniecki's sociological theses and the claims of the philosophy of science put forward by Karl Popper. He argues that, despite the fact that Popper, an epistemologist, stressed that 'the course of human history is to a large extent dependent upon the growth of human knowledge', while Znaniecki's approach may be summarised by saying that 'the growth of human knowledge is to a large extent dependent upon the course of human history', both of these perspectives complement each other and provide a fuller understanding of human knowledge. Through a comparison of Znaniecki's view of science with Jacob Bronowski's conception of scientific knowledge, the author also points out some inconsistencies in Znaniecki's understanding of science, arguing that his sociology of knowledge did not free itself from a philosophical dimension, as Znaniecki thought it had done, and remains only a provisional construction. For, despite his efforts, his conception has stumbled upon significant limitations of the sociological method in explanation of the growth of knowledge, which Znaniecki attempted to overcome by encroaching upon the areas of epistemology, logics, and psychology of knowledge.
7
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Perspektywy rozwoju socjologii polskiej

51%
Podgórecki A.
Studia Socjologiczne
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2011
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issue 1(200)
209-225
EN
Due to Bronislaw Malinowski, Florian Znaniecki, Leon Petrazycki and several others' achievements, Polish sociology has enjoyed an a priori recognition. Sadly, this situation is changing. According to the author, there are following alarming trends and phenomena in Polish sociology: absence of criticism, lack of 'middle range theories' as well as the lack of will to formulate them; loosing the potential of social change laboratory, unsatisfactory state of social change research; lack of new ideas that would spread abroad, sticking with one paradigm; absence of appreciation of novel research in Poland (e.g. sociology of morality); insufficient co-operation across sub-disciplines and fragmentarization. Yet, there are several problem areas in Polish sociology, that are could be recognized as outstanding in the world. These are: 1) social norms and deviation sociology, 2) social stratification; 3) theory of social change, 4) sociology of science and 5) social engineering. At a closer look, however, it turns out that the achievements in theory of social change are smaller than one would expect in the social context extremely beneficial for this type of studies. In the area of social stratification there are too few 'middle range' generalizations. There five ways of improving this situation: 1) concentrating on successful developments, 2) implementation of practical test for existing methodological approaches, 3) transforming technicalized thinking by humanities' approach; 4) developing new abilities of theory building in social sciences, and 5) undertaking comprehensive analysis of Polish society.
8
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Socjogia polska na tle socjologii światowej

51%
Kwilecki A., Doktor K., Mokrzycki E., Szacki J., Sztompka P., Wiatr J. J.
Studia Socjologiczne
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2011
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issue 1(200)
369-394
EN
The discussion about the position of Polish sociology at the background of world sociology organized by the Sociological Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences revealed significant differences among the participating scholars. The pessimistic view about the state of Polish sociology and its functioning within world sociology was expressed by Edmund Mokrzycki and Jerzy Szacki, who pointed out at both institutional and political difficulties (e.g. isolation of Polish sociology from world sociology, limitation of contacts) as well as theoretical predicaments of the discipline (e.g. the fact that the change of dominant paradigm in Western sociology had passed virtually unnoticed by Polish sociological theory). Piotr Sztompka expressed the concern that insufficient number of Polish sociological research was being published in renowned international scholarly publishing houses, at the same time he envisaged the concrete measures for the improve of the current situation. The state of Polish sociology was assessed rather differently by Kazimierz Doktór, who concentrated on the relations between Polish sociology and sociologies of socialist countries. First, he emphasized the good positions of Polish sociology in this group, and second he urged to promote this co-operation further while ceasing to mimic Western sociology. Jerzy Wiatr suggested that pessimistic evaluations of Polish sociology were a misperception. Although he was critical of Polish sociology for the particularity of its empirical research and medium standards of daily work, he optimistically placed its achievements in the long-term perspective and saw the development of theory of socialist society as its unique and original contribution to world sociology.
9

INŠTITUCIONALISTICKÁ SOCIOLÓGIA VEDY

51%
Laki J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2009
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vol. 64
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issue 2
144-154
EN
The paper deals with some of the contemporary theories of science which see the latter as an organized cognitive activity. On the background of the controversy concerning the nature of rationality and relativism the author underlines the contribution of the sociology of scientific knowledge, showing its role in reconceptualization of the dichotomy between internalism and externalism. His argumentation is in favor of the institutional conception of science as a subsystem of society. The problem of the reliability of knowledge is explained in the context of the globalized science: for science to be cognitively successful it is necessary to optimize the institutional mechanisms producing consensus and working as the controlling and corrective mechanisms.
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