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THE REFLECTION OF THE SOUTH SLAV IN CZECH SOCIAL MAGAZINES OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY AS A SOURCE OF STUDY OF THE FORMATION OF ETHNIC IMAGES

100%
Válka M.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2011
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vol. 98
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issue 3
307-325
EN
Social magazines contributed to a great extent to the image of South Slavs which was formed in the consciousness of Czech society in the second half of the 19th century. The period after the fall of neo-absolutism (1860), accompanied by relaxation of political rigour, meant a new stage in the development of Czech national life. Czech periodicals of social character come into existence together with the above mentioned development of national life; they were to replace German papers in bourgeoisie circles. They included e.g. Besedy lidu, Čas, Květy, Obzor, Osvěta, Světozor and Zlatá Praha. Slavic subject matter played an important part in the profile of the individual periodicals. The image of South Slavs, which social periodicals in the Czech society were creating by means of fiction, travel stories, historical and ethnographic scientific literature and, last but not least, by means of illustrations production and reproduction of works of visual artists, was in the spirit of Slavic mutual cooperation. Armed conflicts for the sake of gaining national independence, which create the icon of the South Slav as a fearless fighter for freedom, won the heart of the public. Analogously, archaic autochthonous manifestations the Czech society lacked are sought in the folk culture of South Slavs. Czech society thus created a largely idealized and romantic image of the life and culture of South Slavs, into which it projected its own ideals and desires.
2
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SERB-CROAT RIVALRY OVER LEADERSHIP IN THE UNIFICATION MOVEMENT OF SOUTH SLAVS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY (Serbsko-chorwacka rywalizacja o przewodnictwo w ruchu zjednoczeniowym Slowian Poludniowych w I polowie XIX wieku)

75%
Gucka A.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
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2009
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issue 34
99-113
EN
The first half of the 20th century witnessed a complex process leading to the birth of a state unit which united south Slav peoples for the first time in history i.e. the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians. Although the political idea of creating the Yugoslavian state originated simultaneously in the Croat and Serb lands, their respective plans as to how to create a common statehood were diverse. Both Serbs and Croatians were convinced of the superiority of their respective cultures as well as of their historic rights to guide and speak for the rest of the south Slavs and intended to lead the unifying movement. The major integrating element as well as area of conflict for political and spiritual leadership was, in their opinion, the language. This is why they argued about the 'superiority' of different dialects of the Serbo-Croatian language. The author also discusses the Polish participation in the unifying project, namely that of the Lambert Hotel and the envoys of Prince Adam Czartoryski. A key role in this rivalry was played by Bosnia. Finally, though, the emerging Yugoslav idea was to face a sharp confrontation with the emergence of Croat and Serb nationalisms.
3
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PRINCIPLES OF ETHNOPOLITICAL AND TERRITORIAL-POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF YUGOSLAVIA. GENESIS, EVOLUTION AND CONTEMPORARY CONSEQUENCES (Polish title below)

75%
Mihaylov V.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
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2011
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issue 39
61-70
EN
(Polish title: Zasady etnopolitycznej i terytorialno-politycznej organizacji Jugoslawii. Geneza, ewolucja, wspólczesne konsekwencje). The subject of the article is the principles of ethnopolitical and territorial-political organization of the Yugoslavian state. The genesis and evolution of mentioned question in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians (1918-1941) and in Socialist Federation of Yugoslavia (1945-1991) are presented. One of the most important and controversial problems in Yugoslavian ethnopolitics - the relations between its ethnopolitical and territorial-political subsystems are considered. Dynamic changes and a lack of sequence in Yugoslav's ethnopolitics are emphasized in the paper. Attention has been paid to the question of territorial-political reorganization of the federation at the beginning of 1990s. The groups engaged in the struggle of division of Yugoslavia applied for various principles of delimitation of contentious areas. Susan Woodward brought out four main principles which the antagonist groups use as arguments for their 'property right' over the given territory - historical, democratical, principle of the inviolability of borders and realistic one. After the civil war during the 1990s, the Yugoslavian federation was reorganized into the sovereign states by recognizing the old internal administrative borders between the Yugoslav republics as international ones. The author discusses also contemporary problems of the ethnopolitical and territorial-political organization of post-Yugoslav countries and close relations between state-building and nation-building processes. Major current problems in the field of ethnopolitics, as a direct consequence of the influence of accumulated during the 70-year period of existence of a common state, has also been considered in the paper.
4

OBRAZ BALKÁNU V CESTOPISOCH VOJVODINSKÝCH SLOVÁKOV V DVADSIATYCH ROKOCH 20. STOROČIA

63%
Čížiková Z.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2018
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vol. 65
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issue 5
352 – 37
EN
The intensive folk life of Slovaks in Vojvodina after 1918, when they became a part of a new country – the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and later on Yugoslavia – was also reflected in the development of publishing, which opened a special place to a twofold genre- travel books. The author of such literature of different qualities about the Balkans was mainly the intellectual with a cosmopolitan orientation, Andrej Labáth (1886 – 1934) in magazine Národná jednota (National Unity) and in almanac Národný kalendár (National Calendar). In his works, he placed focus on geographic, historical and economic characteristics of unique locations in the Balkans that is, within the borders of the former Kingdom, and captured stereotypical images of that time through their cultural and geographic aspects. His texts about travels have primarily features of publications, but from the perspective of selected imagological method, they are model-texts about the form (not only) of stereotypes of the time. Positive and negative stereotypes in his travel books are the products of specific historical and social circumstances. He visited regions such as Slovenia, Dalmatia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Macedonia and he illustrated the idea of Slavic peoples adapting to e.g. Adriatic Sea area. He also used the ideological function of travel books in the spirit of national geography and national emblematic which derived from identifying with history of brotherly, Serbian people, as it is shown in the travels around Kosovo and Macedonia. At the same time, he analysed images show both the other and different, as well as self-presentation and self-identification. As such they present a considerable stereotypical cultural antagonism of the West and East (presenting the contrast between: Kosovo, Macedonia-Slovenia, Kosovo – Vojvodina/Backa). The images (geographical, historical, ethnic, confessional, economic) of such a heterogeneous country of South Slavs located in the Balkan Peninsula in line with a concrete presentation of their new homeland, are among Slovaks in Vojvodina becoming tools of strengthening their national consciousness, but in contact with the other and foreign they also strengthen their self-images as a hard-working ethnicity.
5

HISTORICKÁ EXKLUZIVITA V IDEOLÓGII ELÍT ILYRIZMU PRVEJ POLOVICE 19. STOROČIA

63%
Bednárová M.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2012
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vol. 60
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issue 4
595 – 615
EN
The idea of South Slav unity took root in the Balkan region in the first half of the 19th century. Its representatives, who were mainly Croatian intellectuals, but partly also Slovenes and Serbs in the Habsburg Monarchy, thought that the Balkan Slavs were the direct descendents of the ancient Illyrians. This theory connected with the idea of the unbroken historical continuity of the South Slav “nation”, which was an important part of the national myth of the period. The national stories of the Illyrian movement emphasized medieval struggles with the Tartars and Turks. They exaggerated the merits of the “Illyrians”, who were allegedly solely responsible for saving the country from the invaders. Legends about the brave Slavonic warriors presented heroism as a common feature of the South Slavs. The term “Illyrian” evoked the image of a great hero, who is able to sacrifice his life to defend his country again barbarism, decline and oppression. Stories about the warriors fighting the Tartars or Turks were accompanied by idealization and mythologizing of historical figures, whose actions were usually attributed to national motivations. Their names became symbols of manly virtue and struggle for freedom, and so also role-models for contemporaries.
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