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EN
The analysis of studies presented in the paper allows to conclude that rural areas of Wielkopolskie voivodship are considerably differentiated as far as the distribution of economic infrastructure is concerned. Very high and high levels of infrastructure can be found in the counties in the central part of the voivodship around Poznań, its capital and two counties in the northern part of the voivodship. These counties have attained higher level of individually studied elements of infrastructure, as compared with the values calculated for rural areas in Poland in general. Counties of low and very low level of infrastructure occupy south-eastern part of the voivodship and vast areas located in its north-western part. In these areas not all inhabitants have access to gas-line system, sewage network and sewage treatment plants.
EN
The aim of the study was to produce quantitative estimates of greenhouse gas emissions (CH4, N2O and CO2) from agriculture and their spatial allocation within the country. The main source material for the study was the GUS electronic database (2009-2001). To calculate emissions original EMKAL1 program was used. The calculation algorithms in the program were based on the IPCC methodology. The mean, annual greenhouse gas emission from agriculture was 27.7 mln t CO2 eq. Emission originated in animal production was markedly higher (63,3%) than in plant production (36,7%). The biggest emitter was the cattle husbandry (81.1%), while pig production constituted only 13.9%, and the other animal species – 5.0%. Emission showed a high spatial variability. The highest total emission occurred in Podlaskie Voivodship, followed by Kujawsko-pomorskie, Wielkopolskie and Łódzkie Voivodships, while the lowest emission in Zachodnio-pomorskie and Podkarpackie Voivodships. Spatial distribution of emission is linked to a stocking rate and a structure as well as directions of animal and plant production, together with their intensity. Study results indicate the direction towards mitigation measures in agriculture to achieve emission reduction.
EN
Culture is one of the main tools for developing regions and reducing regional disparities. It is a significant job creator; it participates in social cohesion representing a catalyst for economic growth. In practice, when boosting the potential of cultural and creative industries, we encounter an insufficiently developed approach to evaluating the initial conditions for the allocation of financial resources for its development. This paper’s objective is to identify, map, and analyse spatial concentration of cultural institutions in Slovakia. The intention of the analysis was the identification of regions and districts with the potential for full use of cultural capital as a tool for sustainable regional development as well as the setting of cultural policy. The cluster analysis pointed out significant differences in the representation of cultural institutions in individual regions and districts of Slovakia. The regions with the most desirable results (e.g., Bratislava, Trnava, or Nitra) have some common characteristics linked to the local context, such as historical development, good infrastructure, and concentration of educational institutions. The results also confirmed the assumption that within the regions, cultural institutions will be concentrated in larger district cities, specifically in the case of Bratislava even inside the city. From the cluster analysis it is possible to observe a “belt of districts” of Southern, Central, and Eastern Slovakia, which do not have sufficient cultural infrastructure. Since the process of shaping the supportive policy for cultural industries is now ongoing in Slovakia, we consider mapping the situation as one of the key elements in the policy-making process.
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