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LOCAL DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND FINANCIAL AUTONOMY OF BASIC LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS (THE CASE OF URBAN/RURAL COMMUNES IN EASTERN POLAND) (Polish title below)

100%
Jaworska M., Kozuch A.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
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2011
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issue 6(54)
218-233
EN
(Polish title: Mozliwosci rozwoju lokalnego w kontekscie zroznicowania samodzielnosci finansowej podstawowych jednostek samorzadu terytorialnego (na przykladzie gmin miejsko-wiejskich polski wschodniej). Contemporary theories of local development devote considerable attention to identifying methods to stimulate local government units to greater activity, and to ways in which location can be used as a causative factor. Therefore, crucial significance is attributed to the financial autonomy of local authorities - one of the key elements of the decision-making processes. It is financial autonomy that ultimately determines the degree in which local government institutions can become involved in local and regional development. The aim of this paper is to study the distribution of local government units with relatively high levels of financial autonomy and, on this basis, to identify the disparities in development potential among the regions of Eastern Poland.
2

THE ROLE OF NATURAL AND MIGRATION MOVEMENT IN THE CHANGING SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE DENISTY OF POPULATION IN RURAL AREAS (Rola ruchu naturalnego i migracyjnego w procesie zmian przestrzennego rozkladu gestosci zaludnienia obszarow wiejskich)

100%
Rosner A.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
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2010
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issue 4(149)
42-56
EN
In recent years practically no changes have been recorded in the number of rural population in Poland but there have occurred processes that modify the spatial distribution of that population. The most important of these processes are migrations from villages to towns and from towns to villages. In terms of the number of migrants the two streams of movement are identical. However, persons migrating to towns come chiefly from peripheral areas and those migrating from towns settle mostly in suburban rural areas. This leads to the concentration of rural population around towns and to the strengthening of depopulation processes in rural areas situated far from urban centres. Since migration processes are characterised by strong selectivity the two extreme types of rural areas (suburban and peripheral) differ in terms of demographical, educational and income source structure.
3
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Przestrzenne rozmieszczenie Polonii w Wielkiej Metropolii Chicagowskiej

63%
Ziółkowska-Weiss K.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2018
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vol. 44
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issue 1 (167)
49–68
PL
Amerykanie o polskich korzeniach stanowią jedną z najliczniejszych grup narodowościowych zarówno w samym mieście, jak i w Wielkiej Metropolii Chicagowskiej (zaraz po Meksykanach). Stawiając pytanie, ilu Amerykanów polskiego pochodzenia mieszka w Chicago lub na przedmieściach, na ogół nie znajduje się takich samych odpowiedzi. Dysproporcje biorą się stąd, że nie ma konkretnego kryterium, kogo można bądź należy zaliczyć do polskiej grupy narodowościowej, jak również stąd, że nie wszyscy biorą udział w ogólnym spisie ludności. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie rozmieszczenia przestrzennego Polonii zamieszkującej Wielką Metropolię Chicagowską w latach 1980, 1990, 2000 i 2010, oraz analiza zjawiska rozprzestrzeniania się Polonii poza granice miasta Chicago, do innych hrabstw. Analizie poddana została również koncentracja Polaków zamieszkujących poszczególne dzielnice miasta Chicago w roku 1980 i 2010 oraz omówienie zjawiska migrowania przez Polonię ze starych dzielnic śródmiejskich do bogatszych, dalej oddalonych od centrum.
EN
Americans with Polish roots constitute one of the largest ethnic groups, both in the city itself as well as in the Larger Chicago Metropolitan Area (just aft er Mexicans). When trying to answer the question of how many Americans of Polish origin live in Chicago or surrounding areas, the same answers are generally never found twice. Th e reason for such disproportions is that there is no particular criterion who can or should be included in the Polish ethnic group and not all people take part in the general population census as well. Th e objective of the article is to present the spatial distribution of the Polonia in the Larger Chicago Metropolitan Area in the following years: 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010 as well as to analyse the phenomenon of the spreading of the Polonia beyond the boundaries of the city to other counties. Th e concentration of Poles living in specifi c districts of the city of Chicago in the years 1980 and 2010 as well as the discussion of the phenomenon of migration of the Polonia from Inner-city districts to richer ones located further from the centre are also the subject of analysis.
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