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1

HEREDITARY PHONETIC PARAMETERS OF THE HUMAN VOICE

100%
Papay K.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2007
|
vol. 131
|
issue 3
306-315
EN
Voice recognition or speaker identification has been studied from several points of view. The close similarity of the voices of consanguineous persons has suggested that there must exist some hereditary phonetic parameters. To test this hypothesis, a method for characterizing the similarity or dissimilarity of voices of siblings and identical twins in numerical terms was developed. If some parameters of human voice are genetically determined, monozygotic twins must have a higher intra-pair similarity of voice than dizygotic like-sexed twins or brothers/sisters. If agreement within monozygotic twins significantly exceeds that observed in dizygotic twins of the same gender, it may be anticipated that the condition is more under genetic than environmental control. In the present work, the voices of both members of three female 21-22-year-old pairs of monozygotic twins and three female 20-24-year-old pairs of sisters speaking about the same picture for a duration of about 2 minutes were recorded by the computer program Wave Studio. The material was analyzed by the Praat 4.2 voice analyzing program: average pitch, first three formants and formant bandwidths of nine vowels, the duration of words, vowels and alveolar fricatives, word intensity, FFT spectra of vowels, broad band and narrow band spectrograms of words, and broad band spectrograms of alveolar fricatives were analysed and numerically characterized. The results, in accordance with our expectations, show that intra-pair differences between monozygotic twins were lower than those between sisters. It may be concluded that a single parameter is not capable of complete discrimination; there is no definite answer as to which parameter is the single most characteristic one of the inheritability of human voice.
2

Fenomenologia zvuku a hudby v horore

86%
Farkas T., Surinova L.
Communication Today
|
2012
|
vol. 3
|
issue 1
30-47
EN
The paper deals with the problem of effective and aesthetic exploitation of sounds, jangle, music and silence in making an atmosphere of stress and fear in horror movies. The authors analyze the frequency spectrum of sounds and complexity of musical motif in selected samples from two movies, which represent the minimalist and maximalist approach in answering the research problem. Beside of that, the authors deal with relationship of audio and visual aspects of the movies explored. First part of the research is inspired by hypothesis of psychoacoustics dealing with physical characteristics of an unpleasant sound that causes intensive physiological reaction of a human organism. The authors assume that sound with these characteristics could be one of the reasons of an emotional reaction a viewer experiences when watching a horror movie. Next area on which this research is focused is the use of noises. According to psychoacoustics, noise affects the perception of other sounds, thus it is able to aid building of an atmosphere and tension in the movie. In the third part, the authors compare the complexity and variations of musical motifs of both of the movies. Motifs with lack of a structure and rigid repetitiveness can be boring for a viewer, which may be very counterproductive in terms of examined film genre. In the final part of this research, the authors deal with the relationship of audio and visual aspects of movies explored.
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