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COOPERATION BETWEEN THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND AND THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS AS A CONSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENT OF ENSURING STATE SECURITY IN THE EVENT OF PARTICULAR THREATS (Wspoldzialanie Prezydenta RP I Rady Ministrow jako konstrytucyjny

100%
Bozek M.
Przegląd Sejmowy
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2011
|
issue 2(103)
83-106
EN
According to Poland's constitution, State security is the area of close cooperation between two components of the executive: the President of the Republic and the Council of Ministers. This cooperation makes it possible to prepare adequately the organizational structure of the State to meet the arising challenges or to use appropriate measures to counteract particular threats. In many cases, it is only by that means that a declaration of threat to the State may be revoked, either by joint decision of the President and the Council of Ministers introducing the appropriate extraordinary measure (a state of emergency or martial law) or an order, issued by the President, on request of the prime minister, concerning mobilization and use of the armed forces for purposes of defence. In this respect, responsibility for the State and its security is, in principle, shared equally between both components of the executive power. Moreover, this statement allows us to draw some proposals de lege ferenda. They may include, above all, the proposal to amend Article 134 of the Constitution. It should provide real control of the President over the armed forces for a period of war, at the same time sustaining the principle of collaboration between the above two components of the executive power within the field of State security. There is no intention to abolish the position of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Force, but to determine clearly the relations between the President and the government in a particular crisis situation, namely a war. These relation should still be based on the principle of cooperation between the branches of government, explicitly specified in constitution. Article 134 paragraph 4 should include a provision according to which, for a period of war, the President directs the State defence in cooperation the Council of Ministers. It would be, thereby, be possible to provide conformity of the provisions of the Act on Martial Law with the Constitution. To guarantee functionality of that provision, the President would remain to be the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, supported by the Commander-in-Chief. Currently he exercises commend over the Armed Forces through the Minister of National Defence. For a period of war he would exercise them through the Commander-in-Chief, so to speak. From the perspective of normative regulation, this would make the system of directing State defence more clear. Current regulation do not meet this requirement. That is because the provisions of the Act of 2002 on Martial Law, implementing the constitutional provisions, depart slightly from the letter and spirit of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. This conclusion is not only the result of confrontation of the content of Article 134 paragraph 4 first sentence of the Constitution and Article 10 paragraph 2 item 4 of the Act on Martial Law - the Constitution in fact introduces an obligation for appointment of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces while the Act only provides for such an opportunity. What is probably more important, is that the Act contains provisions whose literal interpretation would cause doubts about the model of directing the defence on the basis of the Act on Martial Law. On the one hand. Article 10 paragraph 1 of the Act (and subsequent provisions developing its content) declares cooperation between the Council of Ministers as a principle governing the State defence. On the other hand, however, Article 16 paragraph 1 establishes supremacy of the President over the Armed Forces, with the omission of that principle. The status and role of the Council of Ministers in the system of State security (derived from the constitutional system government) is ignored.
2

ÚLOHA BEZPEČNOSTNÝCH ORGÁNOV ŠTÁTU PRI ZABEZPEČOVANÍ ŠTÁTNO-BEZPEČNOSTNEJ AGENDY, NA PRÍKLADE OKRESNÉHO ÚRADU V TRNAVE

80%
Demčák M.
Populačné štúdie Slovenska
|
2023
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vol. 16
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issue 2
39 - 47
EN
The article deals with the organization and role of state security authorities in ensuring the state security agenda. The aim of the article was to analyse their role in ensuring the state security agenda through the presidential files of the District office in Trnava in the years 1923 to 1924. Through this analysis, the article points to the cooperation of the state's security bodies in ensuring the protection of the state and its inhabitants.
3
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Zmocněnci Ministerstva školství, věd a umění (MŠVU) na biskupské konzistoři v Českých Budějovicích v letech 1956–1967

61%
Faber T.
Studia theologica
|
2010
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vol. 12
|
issue 3
91-101
EN
This text is the third and concluding part of the study dealing with the activity of the Ministry of Education, Science and Arts assignees at the bishop's consistory in Ceske Budejovice. The first part followed the activity of the Ministry assignees at the whole state level; the second part describes the establishing of the assignees at the consistory, legal defense of Bishop Josef Hlouch against the appointment and the refusal of his appeal, together with the description of the individual assignees' activities in the period 1949-1956. The third part surveys the activities of the assignees, their influence on the administration and work of the diocese from 1956 until their suspension in 1967.
4
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Zmocněnci Ministerstva školství, věd a umění (MŠVU) na biskupské konzistoři v Českých Budějovicích v letech 1949–1956

61%
Faber T.
Studia theologica
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2010
|
vol. 12
|
issue 2
35-53
EN
This study deals with the activity of Ministry of the Education, Science and Arts assignees, appointed to the bishop's consistory in Ceske Budejovice. The text is a free continuation of the preceding study, which followed the activity of the Ministry's assignees at the state-wide level. Establishing of the assignee at the consistory, legal defense of Bishop Josef Hlouch against the appointment and the dismissal of his appeal are described. Description of individual assignees' activities in the period 1949-1956 follows.
5
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Zmocněnci Ministerstva školství, věd a umění na biskupských konzistořích v období 1949–1967

61%
Faber T.
Studia theologica
|
2009
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vol. 11
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issue 4
47-57
EN
This study deals with one of the methods used by the communist state authority to take control and paralyse the activities of the Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia during the period of communism. An important aspect of this activity was the isolation and neutralization of bishops and the gain of substantial influence on the course of Episcopal consistories in the dioceses. The administrators of the state's church policy were the assignees that were appointed to the consistories at the end of 1940s by the Ministry of the Education, Science and Arts. The reasons and the legal basis of the assignees' appointment, the scope of their activities and duties, as well as the allocation of the consistorial agenda are described. Other Acts of the Ministry restricting the activities of the consistories are presented in the last part of the study.
6
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Transformation of the Lithuanian armed forces’ education system

61%
Janulaitienė N.
General and Professional Education
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2011
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issue 3
8-12
EN
As Atlantic Alliance aims to develop properly military capabilities, it has to pay special attention to military training, for only well-trained armed forces can take up the challenges and threats a state faces. The readiness level of the military is the major criterion for assessing the preparation of the armed forces to fulfill the objectives set for a state. Therefore, rational control and coordination of the servicemen’ training process is a very important factor in preparing contemporary Lithuanian Armed Forces. The Lithuanian Military Doctrine (2010) defines training principles of the Lithuanian Armed Forces and is a key document for preparing the military training strategy.
7
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INTERNACE BISKUPA JOSEFA HLOUCHA

61%
Kolouch F.
Studia theologica
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2013
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vol. 15
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issue 3
197–216
EN
This study describes the internment of Bishop Joseph Hlouch of České Budějovice in 1949–1968. Firstly, it deals with his fate in the years 1949–1950 when it was under the control of State Security and an agent of the Government. It consequently describes his isolation in the building of the bishopric over the years 1950–1951 and his removal outside the diocese in March 1952. The main part of the study is devoted to his internment outside the diocese and the internment sites: Kadaň, Myštěves, Šebetov, Paběnice and Koclířov. Archival materials and the testimony of witnesses were primarily made use of for this study.
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