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Zbieżność poglądów Bogusława Polniewicza i Stevena Pinkera w kwestii zła w naturze ludzkiej

100%
Smakulska J.
Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej
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2012
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vol. 13
85-103
EN
The article is devoted to Bogusław Wolniewicz’s and Steven Pinker’s deliberations on human nature and its corruption with evil. Human nature can be defined as a set of inborn qualities, inclinations or aspirations. Wolniewicz’s view on human nature is pessimistic, he claims that people can consciously do wrong despite knowing what is right in a certain case.What is more, some individuals are psychopaths and their rehabilitation is impossible. This conclusion has been strongly rejected by philosophical tradition, especially by modern thought forcing the idea of a man’s inborn kindness. Wolniewicz’s deliberations are based on axiological point of view, while Pinker’s on psychological and evolutionary ones. However, they come to very similar conclusions. They also discuss why the idea of evil in human nature is consistently rejected in spite of the history of mankind, everyday experience and results of biological science.
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Determinizm a odpowiedzialność

86%
Smakulska J.
Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej
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2013
|
vol. 14
109-125
EN
The aim of the article is to discuss the possibility of keeping the notion of responsibility valid, despite the inborn determinism of a human being. In the context of responsibility, the incompatibility of free will and determinism, is one of the most complex and difficult philosophical issues. B. Wolniewicz and S. Pinker are both the supporters of genetic determinism, however they do not negate responsibility. They claim that the idea of justice, or natural law, is deeply rooted in human nature. The main reason why people demand punishment for criminals is due to the fact that criminals contravene the moral order. Progress which is taking place in biological sciences might be perceived as a threat to the idea of justice, because some discoveries in this field may be used by lawyers for justifying criminal deeds by evolutionary reasons and eventually proving their innocence. In fact, there is no such a danger, as explaining someone’s conduct is not the same as justifying it. Understanding does not mean forgiving. Biological sciences might be helpful in more profound understanding of the problem.
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