The necessity of existence of stock exchange is examined as the economic category. Economic essence of capitalization of stock exchange as an important index of business activity of the country is analysed. The comparative analysis of activity of stock exchanges is conducted in the countries with the formed markets (Ukraine, Hungary, Chech Republik, Poland). On the basis of the conducted analysis features and problems of the development of stock exchanges in Ukraine, and also factors, influencing capitalization of stock exchanges and features of their manifestation have been determined. The complex of measures concerning the increase of the level of capitalization of the Ukrainian stock exchanges has been elaborated.
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