The aim of this paper is to analyse strategy and the business model function in enterprise management, with the similarities and differences between these concepts constituting the main subject. The business model can be defined as a reflection of the conception of company action which specifies sources and types of revenue. The strategy can be characterised as a superior method of realising a company’s aim. Competitiveness, dependence on company resources, and the key role of the target market may be counted among the similarities the two approaches share. Differences include the individualisation of solutions, the methodical or constructional nature of the idea, the organisational or objective aspect of the conception, the range of openness, and the functional range. The question of which – strategy or business model – is superior is as yet undecided. Strategy is seen by some as the wider of the two approaches, though there is also evidence that different strategies may be realised within a single business model.
The main aim of this paper is to present a technique designed to assess the level of non-cooperativeness of players in the Loebner Contest (thereafter I will refer to the contest as LC). My tool here will be the measure of the Degrees of Non-Cooperation (DNC) in a dialogue proposed by Brian Plüss (2010, 2011). This technique is based on the identification of the set of non-cooperative features (NCFs) appearing in a given dialogue type. Plüss proposes such a set for the domain of political debates, whereas in this paper, I will propose my own set to use with the LC dialogues. In the first section I will introduce the basic rules and ideas behind the LC. The second section contains the results of an empirical study of four LC dialogues using the DNC measure: description of the study sample, types of NCFs used, a discussion of the annotation reliability and DNC measures for players are covered in this section. In the summary I will concern future applications of the presented approach.
Logistics tasks have accompanied human beings sińce the beginning of time - the only thing that has changed is the perception of those tasks. In the market economy most companies face the problems of competitiveness. Companies compete with one another in order to hold the position of the strongest player on the market, achieve a better position and gain comfortable profit. In the competitive battle the tools and techniques of logistics that contribute to the improvement of the competitive position of a company, are of prime importance.
Recent research reveals that while analysing complex market mechanisms, one can notice certain quantum effects. On the other hand, the current mass-scale involvement in financial market investment activities leads to the conclusion that – when studying the operation of financial markets – the models of minority games, based on static physics, should be applied. Consequently, both quantum games and minority games have become focus of considerable interest. The financial market model, otherwise known as a minority game, postulates that the process of securities and money allocation is conditional upon price fluctuation, as well as information available in the market. Whenever a vast majority of investors intend to purchase goods and services on a massive scale, sale proves to be the more profitable option, and vice versa. The players who end up on the minority side win. Furthermore, the models based on quantum games have a certain advantage over the others, since they extend the theory of Nash equilibrium to the so-called quantum response equilibrium. The aim of this paper is to present two models of market mechanisms – of which one uses minority games as its basis, while the other – quantum games. The author begins with a discussion of the minority games model, which is followed by an analysis of the mechanism of dynamic English auction by means of the quantum theory.
Article is an attempt to describe the way of the net working capital management in farms in the year 2007. Data on the farms were taken from the FADN database and include the farms from the 27 European Union countries (EU-27). A descriptive and comparative analysis was used, and also the fundamental indicators of the financial analysis were made. The analysis showed that agriculture in the EU in 2007 year was characterized by: a high share of current assets in total assets, over-liquidity and low importance of short-term liabilities, and commonly used strategy of net working capital management was an aggressive-conservative one. This strategy was characterized by a moderate profit and risk. There was also a high diversity of assets and capital structure depending on the country. The study was extended by the comparison of net working capital management in the average farms from Poland with the average one from the EU-27 according to the ESU and the agricultural type.
Strategic planning went to pass theory and practice with inconsistent development, but it found a strong place in the theory, in the practice and business environment. It became a natural part of business management. However, there are permanently emerging questions considering its development. The most important issues in contemporary time are a rate of formalization of strategic plan content, standardization procedures of strategic planning, effectiveness of strategic planning and methods of strategic plan formation. Submitted article tries to give a basic knowledge about a state of strategic planning practice in companies on territory of Slovakia.
The present study provides additional evidence for the recently described perseveration effect (i.e., participants repeat the previous strategy more often than switch to another strategy). The participants’ task was to determine the number of coloured cells in grids by using two possible strategies: an addition strategy (whereby participants add the coloured cells) or a subtraction strategy (whereby they subtract the number of empty cells from the total grid size). The authors used a paradigm in which the different numerosities were presented in three different orders: an ascending order, which started with low-numerosity items (which are known to be solved with the addition strategy) and gradually increased to high-numerosity items (which are known to be solved with the subtraction strategy), a descending order (with the reverse order) and a random order. The hypothesis that participants’ change point (i.e., the numerosity on which they switch from one strategy to the other) would be largest in the ascending order and smallest in the descending order, is confirmed.
The aim of this dissertation was to show the directions of development of the Polish sector of residential real estate. It was also meant to point out that in the current slowdown in economy, property developers aim at creating the environment for their constant development not only by introducing more and more varied competitive actions. Being concerned about the future, property developers have to introduce some new ways of communication and cooperation in their relationships with the market participants. Until now, these new forms have been based on liaison only.
In the process of strategic planning the strategy of development as well as applications realizing it are formulated. Planning is the basis for preparing and taking decisions referring to principles, trends and the pace of far-reaching development. Elaboration of the strategy of regional development management is the undertaking of large scale complexity. It comprises decisions referring to development perspectives, formulating purposes and determining (choice) the methods of their realization, analysis of social and political conditions, collecting and processing the information. Conditioning of defining the strategy has a versatile character. None of the above-mentioned areas can be regarded as less important. The purpose of this study is to attempt to identify basic problems of forming the strategy of regional development management. The study contains a brief description of planning regional development on the basis of the literature of the subject, and then empirical verification of the accepted hypothesis. Considerations and based upon them conclusions can be useful in working out the strategy of regional development management.
Over the 10-13 years after the end of the Cold War there have been significant changes in the tasks and organization, equipment and training of the armed forces in opposition earlier. Priority is given to the organization and creation of an army that can meet new challenges in a more effective way, is smaller, more mobile, and has lighter weaponry. The author introduces how and along what kind of strategical principles - especially focusing on military technology - is the military developed in the US, in Germany and in countries which are of the same size and population as Hungary.
This paper reviews the issues relating to confidence-building strategies in specific forms of entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector. Managing trust in producer groups have certain personal aspects. In addition to these relationships, (producer group - the environment), the trust of the members of that group should also be analyzed. The main benefits gained by partners in producer groups, through an adequate level of confidence, are: more opportunities to innovate, better response to market needs, longer life and greater chance of relationship commitment and loyalty to the customers.
The military defense activities which are based on national strategies changed their character and content. The realistic calculation of military needs can provide a solid and long-term basis to renewal and development of the Hungarian Armed Forces. The author analyzes the political and military strategical base of the military reform which was built on the defense supervision. The author investigates the issues of military restructuring and modernization and bringing all this together makes alternative suggestions.
The aim of this article is to present the role and development of clusters in Lodzkie province. The article consists of five parts. The first one is a short description of Lodzkie province. The next two parts are dedicated to the phenomenon of cluster. The author presents definitions and common features of clusters and the factors affecting cluster development. The fourth part focuses on the strategy of cluster in Lodz. In the last one the author provides examples of clusters operating in the region.
The article discusses the current risks of a limited nuclear war and its consequences for humanity. It presents a critical analysis of the difference between the strategy of global destructive warfare as a result of the classical use of standard nuclear weapons on the one hand and the new political-military plan of a limited, small-scale nuclear war (without global expansion) on the other. The paper clarifies the problems associated with the new US strategy documents that are advancing a line of argument in favour of a in the context of conflicts of political, corporate and military-technical interests in the global capitalism. It also analyses the background to the current state, i.e. the history of strategies of the possible nuclear war and potential actors of this kind of threat. It draws attention to the current real danger of locally waged limited nuclear warfare and its possible escalation on a global scale.
The aim of this article is to present how harmful for financial standing might be aggressive strategy and development. This is especially true when company faces difficulties with selling its basic products. The company analysed in this article put the in-vestments and development as priority without thinking of profitability of these decisions. In the results the company was in 2010 on the edge of bankruptcy and even raising additional funds wasn’t helpful enough.
This study has been devoted to the issue of strategic management in small business. It tries to answer the question about the scope of the process of strategic management in small business and the state of knowledge on issues pertaining to this process among entrepreneurs. As confirmed by research carried out, unfortunately, the managing entities of this size, do not attach importance to this field of science and underestimate the opportunities posed by its application in practice.
The article presents the main issues related to the Balanced Scorecard. It describes the origin and construction of this tool. It sets the objectives of using Balanced Score-card and its impact on the company. One of the most important objectives of using it is possibility to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization. It compares the advantages and disadvantages of using Balanced Scorecard among different companies. Research indicates that improved business performance is linked positively to the extent of use strategic planning within organizations. To reap these benefit, enterprises must introduce strategic planning processes. The Balanced Scorecard is a popular performance management framework strongly associated with managing the implementation of strategic plans.
In this paper the idea of Loebner contest as a practical implementation of the Turing test is presented. The Brian Plüss’ measure of the degrees of non-cooperation in a dialogue is applied to the dialogues of the Loebner contest. The proposal of a typology of non-cooperative features in the contest’s dialogues is discussed and the reliability of annotation with the use of this typology of features is analysed. The degrees of non-cooperation of judges and programs for the Loebner contest (editions 2009 – 2012) are presented and discussed. On the basis of the results the role of a judge and the strategies used by programs are discussed for the contest and the Turing test.
The published study analyses the development of Czechoslovak operation plans from the perspective of the existence of the joint state of Czechs and Slovaks as a whole. The author examines the operation documents of the French military mission in Czechoslovakia, the recruitment plans of the CS armed forces in the 1930’s, preparation of uprising within the London Ministry of National Defence, the sovietised military plans following the 1948 February events and finally the operational planning in the final federation era after 1989. On the one hand, he describes the differences of these diverse periods but on the other hand looks for the connections and common denominators in the work of military planners.
Network is one of the organisational forms of economic activities in tourism. It is oriented on the achievement of competing advantages and characterized by complex, reciprocating, rather cooperative than competing relations of independent bodies. For regional networks in tourism specific features are typical that result from their partner structure, orientation and partner relations. Regional networks in tourism have positive effects for various stakeholders. Many effects are characterized by contrariness, a network possibly sustains a certain aspect otherwise it causes perhaps just an opposed one.
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