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NEITHER A RESPONSE NOR STIMULUS SET-SIZE EFFECT FOUND IN THE MANUAL STROOP TASK

100%
Chuderski A., Smoleń T., Taraday M.
Studia Psychologica
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2014
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vol. 56
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issue 1
21 – 35
EN
Existing computational models of the Stroop task differ in predictions concerning the set-size effect, which is the relation between a number of stimuli/responses and the magnitude of the Stroop interference. However, relevant empirical data is not unequivocal, as some studies reported no set-size effects, while others found substantial set-size effects. We administered two experiments in order to resolve this discrepancy in the case of the manual Stroop task. Experiment 1 compared conditions including four, six, and eight stimulus/response mappings in the picture-word task. No reliable set-size effects were found, apart from a weak effect observed when a working memory load imposed by the task was deliberately decreased. Experiment 2 tested conditions consisting of four versus eight mappings in the colour-word task, and it replicated results of Experiment 1. As both experiments had sufficient power to detect set-size effects if they existed, our data are inconsistent with models predicting such effects.
2

EYSENCKIAN PEN STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY AND COGNITIVE CONTROL IN TASK-SWITCHING PARADIGM

75%
Ross M., Smigasiewicz K., Czernecka K.
Psychological Studies
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2008
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vol. 46
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issue 1
5-12
EN
The present study was aimed at exploring the relationship between individual differences and performance level in high cognitive load condition, demanding strengthened cognitive control. The research problem was focused on the influence of eysenckian personality traits on attention switching efficacy, studied in task-switching paradigm. Modified Stroop task was used, requiring constant shifts between color-naming and word-reading tasks. It was assumed that the size of the switch costs would be greater when the task was performed by participants with high scores on introversion, neuroticism and psychoticism, separately. The obtained results confirmed the hypothesis concerning psychoticism dimension only. Other traits were found to have an interactive effect on the performance level, which was hindered when the intensity of all three personality traits was high. The gathered data suggests that task-switching paradigm may be a useful tool when studying the influence of individual differences in psychoticism on cognition.
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