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1

REVÍZIA DEFINÍCIÍ POJMOV DOSTATOČNÁ A NUTNÁ PODMIENKA

100%
Gahér F.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2012
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vol. 19
|
issue 1
16 – 37
EN
Analysing the process of keeping promise we identify its sequence structure and its phase sequences in time. This allows us to arrive at the time order principle forming according to which obligation performance cannot precede in time its sufficient or necessary conditions performance. We further observe that a given promise must always be taken as an element of a certain system of promises. As a result we review definitions of the terms sufficient condition and necessary condition as no more allowing their mutual defining, or symmetry (conversion). We try to discover the compliance rules concerning the condition – the conditioned vector, the course of events vector and the time vector. We conclude that it indicates an incorrect use if, provided the condition – the conditioned vector complies with the course of events vector, the negative time difference in the descriptive use of sentences involving either the if-then connective or the only if connective is obtained. Only when using sentences for abductee explanation with a dominating epistemic vector the negative difference of time does not indicate erroneous use; however, this is possible only for the term of sufficient condition. We further suggest reviewed definition generalization involving the terms of sufficient condition and necessary condition containing always a parameter element denoting a given modality type, or a particular system of rules, laws, etc. Such definition satisfies Brennan’s requirement of a “general formal scheme” where the notion of sufficient condition and necessary condition symmetry (conversion) does not apply.
2

DEDUKTÍVNE A ABDUKTÍVNE RETRODIKCIE A PREDIKCIE

100%
Gahér F.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2017
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vol. 72
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issue 8
616 – 631
EN
Differentiating between formal positions condition and the conditioned (i.e. if-vector) as well as between the content’s exemplars (occurring in these positions, i.e. vector of relevance) and a direction of grammatical tenses (i.e. time vector) enables us to de-fine two types of reasoning, based on the cause/effect relationship: deductive prediction and retrodiction (positive time direction) and abductive prediction and retrodiction (negative time direction). Although these predictions and retrodictions are formulated in form of conditionals, they are in fact elided expressions for reasons. A producer of deductive predictions and retrodictions picks up from a complex set of effects producing conditions one main condition, which, as a cause, is indicated in the antecedent. At the same time it is supposed that the effect indicated in the consequent is implied deductively. However, this holds only if the ceteris paribus principle (other things being equal), as well as the tacit set of true statements (the majority of which the producer need not know) are true.
3

SÚ POJMY “DOSTATOČNÁ PODMIENKA A NUTNÁ PODMIENKA” PRE EMPIRICKÚ OBLASŤ SYMETRICKÉ?

86%
Gahér F.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2011
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vol. 18
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issue 3
331 – 350
EN
The Expression sufficient condition and necessary condition are frequently used in various areas in sciences (like mathematics, logic, philosophy, natural sciences and social sciences) as well as in everyday usage; therefore, they might be taken as expressing well defined notions which should not lead to any serious misunderstandings when used. According to the widely accepted definitions of both concepts, the concept of sufficient condition and that of necessary condition imply their symmetry (conversion): if one thing poses a sufficient condition to another thing, the latter is a necessary condition for the former; however, this symmetry is hardly intuitive and it is refused by many scholars. Given the analyses of practical examples and a symmetry concept defence test, one may conclude that this view is unfounded. As a result, the definitions of the two notions are not determined enough and so is the question whether there is just a single pair of the notions or whether there are more of them.
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