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Rozhodovací procesy při zodpovídání výzkumných dotazů

100%
Vinopal J.
Naše společnost (Our Society)
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2008
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vol. 6
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issue 1
9-14
EN
The article stands as the third part of a series about the question answering process during standardized surveys and elaborates the judgment making phase. The first part deals with attitude questions. In this regard, relevant theories of the nature of attitude are explained (true attitude model, construal model, the belief-sampling model); context effects that influence decision-making processes in the course of answering are described (i.e. the inclusion/exclusion model) and the effect of affective reactions like emotions is mentioned. In the second part concrete strategies and criterions of decision making are showed, which respondents use in the course of survey question answering process. This is done both with regard to factual and attitudinal questions.
2
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Role paměti při zodpovídání výzkumných dotazů

100%
Vinopal J.
Naše společnost (Our Society)
|
2007
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vol. 5
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issue 2
25-29
EN
The article stands as a second part of a series about the question answering process during standardized surveys and elaborates the memory retrieval phase. At the beginning the main psychological conceptions of memory are introduced (structure, traits, information types), which are then used for the analysis of the function of memory during survey answering process. The second part deals with the issue of factual information retrieval: the topic of initial encoding of the information into the memory; the role of cognitive keys in case of further retrieval; and consequences of those for the possibilities of the standardized inquiry. The attention is paid also to the problem of inaccessible information and to the usage of more general parts of autobiographical memory (schemas, scenarios etc.) instead of original entries. The third part elaborates the issues of temporal information retrieval like strategies used by respondents or biases emerging in case of them (e.g. seam effect and telescoping).
3
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Editace odpovědi na výzkumný dotaz

100%
Vinopal J.
Naše společnost (Our Society)
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2008
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vol. 6
|
issue 2
EN
The article stands as the fourth part of a series about the question answering process during standardized surveys and elaborates the phase of editing the response. Major moments and processes are explained that affect the shape of final answer at this stage and the narrow relationship of these facts to the nature and quality of survey data is pointed out. Step by step those phenomenons like rounding of numerical answers, the effect of answering scales in terms of its range, frequency, polarity or response order are elaborated and facts like response styles, range-frequency effect or positivity bias are mentioned. In the end, the problem of social desirability and its influence onto final answer is addressed, as well as some opportunities of elimination. Described aspects are related mainly to the distinction between factual and attitudinal questions, nonetheless in the course of presentation there are mentioned also particularities of some other question formats.
4
Content available remote

Lazarsfeldův přínos k metodologii panelové analýzy

100%
Jerabek H.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2009
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vol. 3
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issue 1
9-29
EN
This paper explores causal explanations that use panel data and describes the contribution of Paul Lazarsfeld to the methodology of panel analysis. The introductory part describes the concepts of 'panel data' and 'panel analysis'. The second section is devoted to the history of panel studies. The main part of the paper focuses on the contributions of Paul Lazarsfeld to panel data analysis. The term 'panel study' generally denotes any data collection that involves the same respondents who are questioned repeatedly in consecutive waves of a survey. In contrast, 'panel analysis' refers to the quantitative analysis of changes in the distributions of responses among the same respondents across two waves of a panel data set. Paul Lazarsfeld developed panel analysis during the late 1930s and early 1940s. The main aim of this early work was to test for causal relationships, and to outline some explanation for the intra-personal changes observed. Lazarsfeld outlined three important panel data analysis procedures: 1) analysis of turnover tables, 2) analysis of qualified change also known as the 'analysis of qualifiers', and 3) analysis of concurrent changes. The latter was often referred to by Lazarsfeld in his methodological papers as the problem of the 'sixteen-fold table'. The final section of this paper discusses the use of control groups in panel studies and problems associated with panel attrition rates.
5
Content available remote

A Good Mix? Mixed Mode Data Collection and Cross-national Surveys

100%
Martin P.
ASK. Research and Methods
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2011
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vol. 20
5-26
EN
Can cross-national surveys benefit from mixed mode data collection? This article provides a classification of the different ways in which modes of data collection may be mixed within a cross-national survey, and investigates the methodological consequences of such designs. Mixed mode designs have the potential to lower survey costs relative to single-mode face-to-face surveys, while maintaining higher response rates than cheaper modes alone could. Yet since responses to survey questions are not always independent of the survey mode, mixed mode designs endanger cross-national measurement equivalence (as well as, in the case of time series surveys, diachronic equivalence), so that cross-national comparisons (and analyses of change over time) lose internal validity. These problems can be mitigated by careful questionnaire and survey design, but won’t be entirely overcome in many cases. The use of mixed mode designs in cross-national surveys therefore needs to be accompanied by methodological research to establish the likely consequences for measurement.
6
Content available remote

Situace standardizovaného dotazování z hlediska kognitivních přístupů

88%
Vinopal J.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2009
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vol. 45
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issue 2
397-421
EN
The article focuses on an analysis of the situation in which information is obtained from respondents in questionnaire surveys. From the perspective of the cognitive aspects of survey methodology the article takes a complex view of this situation and applies theoretical concepts and empirical evidence in order to explain the close connection between the interview situation and the quality of the information obtained. The interview situation is portrayed in its twofold form: personal aspects (the mental operations of respondents) and social aspects (the interaction and communication between the interviewer and the respondent). The analysis of the interactive aspects of the interview situation draws attention to the rules of standard communication, which interfere with the ordinary concept of the standardised interview and the course of mental processes. The cognitive aspect of responding to questions is analysed from the perspective of the wider understanding of context effects, the author refers to the most important theoretical concepts relating to individual effects and empirical evidence of some effects that influence the response process. The article takes a somewhat untypical approach to some aspects of data collection in questionnaire surveys and into the Czech context introduces the cognitive aspects of the methodology of questionnaire surveys.
7
Content available remote

WHO SHOULD INTERVIEW OLDER PEOPLE? THE EFFECT OF INTERVIEWER AND INTERVIEWEE CHARACTERISTICS IN SURVEYS OF OLDER PEOPLE AND AGING TOPICS

88%
Vidovićová L., Doseděl T.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2018
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vol. 50
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issue 6
760 – 781
EN
Aging of the population has increased the need to gain a better understanding of older people’s experiences, especially by collecting their views on various issues and quantitative surveys are frequently used methods. Five hypotheses are presented on assumption that the characteristics of the respondent and the characteristics of the interviewer (age and gender) significantly affect the interviewer's perceived difficulty in conducting the interview with respondents in higher age on aging related topics. Pooled data from seven quantitative surveys are used to test these hypotheses with multi-level linear regression. The results show that age of interviewers increases the perceived difficulty only slightly if we control for the influence of the gender of the interviewer and the respondent's age and education. Also, more positively aging respondents make the interviews about aging topic easier for interviewers. These influences vary in each of the survey projects and topic. Age- and gender-sensitive training and supervision when age/gender sensitive topics are to be surveyed is, according to our results here, strongly advisable.
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