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SWAPO’S VERSION OF HISTORY IN NAMIBIA

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Miškařík P.

Asian and African Studies

2019

vol. 28

issue 2

149 – 167

This study aims to explain how the history of Namibia is shaped by the South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO), the political party which has led the fight for Namibia’s independence for several decades and remains in power up to the present. This political party represented the most effective way for an oppressed people to express their unwillingness to live under the repressive conditions of the apartheid regime of South Africa. The ideas of ultimate liberation from all kinds of oppression and the empowerment of all people were rooted in SWAPO’s constitution. However, during the years of armed struggle and exile, the party itself punished very harshly its own members and controlled all aspects of the life of its subjects. There are several recorded accounts of the abuse of power by SWAPO’s elites and even rape cases. Unlike in South Africa, SWAPO instead of national reconciliation decided to forget those events and highlighted the atrocities committed by their enemies. In fact, SWAPO is attempting to create its own version of history, glorifying its role in national liberation. An independence memorial museum, Heroes’ Acre or a biography of Sam Nujoma are tokens of this practice. In this study, I compare some of the official versions of history with external sources covering the stories which the government is trying so desperately to silence. These practices may be called negative historical revisionism or historical negativism and, to a certain degree, they affect the identity of Namibians.

Od Ongulumbashe do Cassingi – obozy wojskowe i cywilne Ludowej Wyzwoleńczej Armii Namibii

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Szczepańska A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

2018

issue 102

185-198

The history of the Republic of Namibia began in 1990 when the declaration of independence was proclaimed, after 25 years of liberation struggle with South Africa regime. However the national identity had been shaping many years before. One of the most important component of creating „one Namibia, one People, one Nation” (which was a SWAPO slogan from party’s project of 1973) were camps: civil for refugees and military for freedom fighters organized by People’s Liberation Army of Namibia, located in Angola, Zambia and Tanzania. The purpose of the article is introducing the most crucial moments of Nambian camps history, selected elements of their daily life and the role of the camps in contemporary Namibia.

Republika Namibii ogłosiła niepodległość w 1990 r., po ponad 25 latach wojny o wyzwolenie spod południowoafrykańskiej dominacji. Tożsamość młodego narodu wykuwała się jednak znacznie wcześniej, a jeden z najważniejszych elementów budowania wspólnoty, która zawierała się w haśle SWAPO „jedna Namibia, jeden człowiek, jeden naród”, stanowiły obozy dla cywilnych uchodźców i oddziałów partyzanckich Ludowej Wyzwoleńczej Armii Namibii (PLAN), znajdujące się w Angoli, Zambii i Tanzanii. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wskazanie kluczowych momentów w historii namibijskich obozów w Angoli, wybranych elementów ich funkcjonowania oraz roli, jaką odegrały w dziejach młodego państwa i jego mieszkańców.

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1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

1 Asian and African Studies

1 Miškařík P.

1 Szczepańska A.

1 2019

1 2018

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SWAPO’S VERSION OF HISTORY IN NAMIBIA

Od Ongulumbashe do Cassingi – obozy wojskowe i cywilne Ludowej Wyzwoleńczej Armii Namibii