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EN
The aim of this article is to analyze Aleksander Swietochowski's essay 'Dumania pesymisty' (Thoughts of a Pessimist) on the background of literary and philosophical texts by Dostoevsky, Nietzsche, Mill, Hobbes, Feuerbach, Stirner and Sartre. The author considerations focus on questions - What are ethical consequences of life without illusions? Is awareness of such a state equal with being committed to egoistic behaviour? Does egoism eliminate any possibility of rational reconstruction of public life, understood as a positivistic ideal?
EN
The paper shows the relationship between the thoughts of Alexander Swietochowski and utopia. Both his literary works (where, paradoxically, utopia is juxtaposed with dystopia) and his philosophical essays are analyzed. Swietochowski uses the language of utopia to create the model of the Future Man. This idea is a combination of features of heroes in Thomas Carlyle and 'Uebermensch' in Friedrich Nietzsche.
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