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1
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DEVELOPMENT OF SYNTAX THEORIES (METHODOLOGIES) AND SYNTAX TEACHING AT SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY LEVEL (Rozwój teorii (metodologii) skladniowych a szkolne i uniwersyteckie nauczanie skladni)

100%
Strokowski W.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2009
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issue 1(7)
235-251
EN
The text aims at showing the relation between contemporary description of syntax in theoretical linguistics and at school. The author indicates the need of modernisation of school model by using achievements of classical (also structuralistic) and the newest (cognitive) linguistics. He recalls different models of syntax description. Some of their solutions might be used at school, but the last one still bases on the model proposed by Klemensiewicz. The article contains also the results of a questionnaire concerning teaching of syntax at Polish universities. The main tendency is called by the author 'eclectic teaching' and results from the fact that base syntactic models (traditional, generative, distributive and semantic) were found to be incomplete. He compares the terms from 'Podstawa programowa ksztalcenia ogólnego' (Program basis of general education) and 'Wyklady polskiej skladni' (Lectures on Polish syntax) by Grzegorczykowa and postulates that teaching of syntax at school and at university should become more similar.
2
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Surnames as syntactic parts of proverbs

100%
Nowakowska A., Tomczak L.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2007
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issue 1(3)
135-143
EN
The article deals with the problem of syntactic position taken by an anthroponym in the structure of a proverb. Surnames in proverbs take place of a subject, an attribute, an object, an adverbial and a predicative. The last position does not mean that surname plays a predicative role. This function appears only when a surname is associated with certain meanings - when a surname functions partially as a common noun. This tendency is often observed in proverbs.
3
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SYNTAX OR WORD FORMATION: A FEW REMARKS ON VOICE IN POLISH (Granica miedzy skladnia a slowotwórstwem. Kilka uwag o stronie w jezyku polskim)

100%
Fellerer J.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2009
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issue 2(8)
23-32
EN
The first part of the paper revisits some of the well established arguments against treating passive as a grammatical category in Polish. More precisely, it is argued that there is no passive transformation. Firstly, a sentence, such as '(Szkola) jest zbudowana', does not have a precise active counterpart, for it may express a form of present perfect and, thus, temporal meaning which is absent from '(Oni) buduja' or 'zbuduja (szkole)'. Secondly, no active counterpart at all can be construed for a passive without overt subject, such as 'W pokoju bylo napalone'. These facts suggest that passive in Polish is not the result of some syntactic operation. Again in line with well established existing proposals, The author concludes that passivization belongs to word formation. Crucially, a form, such as 'zbudowana', is an adjective derived from a verb whose most prominent argument has been blocked from surfacing as subject. Hence passivization is based on a change to verbal argument realization. It is at this point where the present paper goes one step further than existing accounts. If passivization is an operation that alters argument realization, it is in essence not different from similar derivational processes. As in other languages, these are frequent and diverse in Polish too, such as the complete suppression of the most prominent argument as a result of reflexivization (Szklanka sie stlukla), as well as morphologically unmarked forms of multiple argument realization, e.g. 'Marek napelnia basen woda - Woda napelnia basen'. Thus, in conclusion, it is proposed that passive voice in Polish (as well as certain types of reflexives) represent the same type of derivation as other alternations to verbal argument realization.
4

ON THE MORPHOSYNTAX OF THE OLD HUNGARIAN TENSE SYSTEM

100%
E-Kiss K.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
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2005
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vol. 101
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issue 4
420-435
EN
In this paper, the authoress analyses the Old Hungarian tense system in the framework of Universal Grammar. In this analysis, the OH verb form mond 'says' represents Simple Present, monda 'said' is Simple Past, mondott 'has said' stands for Present Perfect, mond vala 'was saying' is an instance of Past Imperfective, and mondott vala 'had said' is that of Past Perfect. That is, she assumes that -t, -tt was not a past tense marker in OH but rather that of perfective aspect; the past tense marker was -a/-e. She argues that the OH tense system was a typical instance of 'complex tense systems' marking both external time and the internal temporal structure of situations, i.e., marking both tense and aspect. The similarity between the Old Hungarian and Latin tense systems is not a contact phenomenon, the result of some medieval Latinate influence; merely Old Hungarian and Latin select their means of expressing tense and aspect from the same set of limited possibilities determined by Universal Grammar. Finally, the authoress surveys the change that took place in the Middle Hungarian period with respect to the verbal morphosyntax of Hungarian. Whereas Old Hungarian marked viewpoint aspect morphologically, Modern Hungarian represents a language type in which the marking of situation aspect is grammaticalized. As a reflex of this change, the PredP projection, hosting the verbal particle, took over the role of aspect marking; the earlier aspect suffix was reinterpreted as a tense marker; and the OH tense marker was eliminated from the language.
5

KTO SÚ ADRESÁTI POKOJA V CHVÁLOSPEVE GLORIA IN EXCELSIS? ANALÝZA SPOJENIA ἀΝΘΡώΠΟΙ ΕὐΔΟΚίΑΣ V LK 2,14 A NÁVRH JEHO PREKLADU

80%
Jančovič J.
Slavica Slovaca
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2019
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vol. 54
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issue 2
129 - 141
EN
This article focuses on the phrase ἀνθρώποι εὐδοκίας of Lucan canticle in Luke 2:14 and specifies the identity of people as addressees of peace. It examines the literary genre of the canticle proclamation, its syntax, and semantics of Greek term εὐδοκία and offers the author’s lexical choices to propose a more accurate and context-oriented translation of the phrase for Slovak professional and the general public.
6

O parach komponentów czasownikowych równoważnych dystrybucyjnie

80%
Andrejewicz U.
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe
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2013
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issue 13
11-28
EN
This article is a continuation of the discussion on grammatical characteristics of the Polish verbal components, understood as elements of phraseological units. The subject of the work is a comparison of collocations containing a pair of equivalent verbal components. The research demonstrated an interesting grammatical regularity between inflection and syntactic features. The verbal components which have different forms in collocations, including personal forms, have typical functions of a verb, e.g. constitute a sentence. The components which have only one form – even identical with a personal form – do not function as finite verbal phrases. They have specific syntactic properties.
7

Event structure and topic-comment articulation in the Hungarian sentence

80%
E-Kiss K.
Nyelvtudomanyi Kozlemenyek (Linguistic Studies)
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2004
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vol. 101
160-172
EN
Predicates describing different event types have different arguments designated to constitute the main news together with the verb. In the case of verbs expressing a change of state, this argument is the theme undergoing the change of state; in the case of verbs expressing a terminated change of location, this argument is the terminus, denoting the end-location of the moving theme, whereas in stative sentences expressing existence or spatial configuration in a given location, this argument is the locative argument. In sentences expressing a mental or physical state, either the theme or the experiencer can function as the default carrier of main news. If the designated carrier of main news conveys known information, and as such, it is extracted into topic position, another constituent has to be promoted to the role of 'the carrier of main news'. An argument can take over the role of 'carrier of main news' if it introduces a new discourse referent (i.e., essentially if it is indefinite), or if it identifies a referent from among a set of alternatives (i.e., if it occupies the position of identificational focus). A verb can assume the role of 'carrier of main news' in an indirect way, by the contrastive topicalization of an argument (which also implies the contrasting of the verb with its negated counterpart).
8

THE DOUBLE NATURE OF CONJUNCTION HEADS IN COORDINATE NOUN PHRASES

80%
Banreti Z.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
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2006
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vol. 102
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issue 2
169-176
EN
This paper discusses, using Hungarian data, the way universal syntactic principles pertaining to nominal coordinate constructions assert themselves in actual language use. The head (dominant constituent) of coordinative constructions is taken to be the coordinative conjunction. The author argues that coordinative conjunctions perform a double structure building function: they have a 'quantifier' face triggering plurality effects, and a 'pronominal' face having to do with agreement in person, number, definiteness, case, and other types of features. First, two major classes of coordinative conjunctions are distinguished: those of n-ary and binary conjunctions. (The former, but not he latter, may coordinate an arbitrary - i.e., grammatically not restricted - number of constituents and can be applied to any grammatical category that can be coordinated at all.) Next, the double function of n-ary conjunctions in nominal coordinate constructions is presented. After that, special cases of nominal coordination involving quantified or numerically determined constituents are analyzed in which the quantified or numerically determined construction itself reflects the double nature of the coordinative conjunction head. On the basis of empirical analyses, the author tries to confirm his hypotheses concerning these conjunctions.
9

THE DOUBLE NATURE OF CONJUNCTION HEADS IN COORDINATE NOUN PHRASES

80%
Banreti Z.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
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2006
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vol. 102
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issue 1
43-57
EN
This paper discusses, using Hungarian data, the way universal syntactic principles pertaining to nominal coordinate constructions assert themselves in actual language use. The head (dominant constituent) of coordinative constructions is taken to be the coordinative conjunction. The author argues that coordinative conjunctions perform a double structure building function: they have a 'quantifier' face triggering plurality effects, and a 'pronominal' face having to do with agreement in person, number, definiteness, case, and other types of features. First, two major classes of coordinative conjunctions are distinguished: those of n-ary and binary conjunctions. (The former, but not he latter, may coordinate an arbitrary - i.e., grammatically not restricted - number of constituents and can be applied to any grammatical category that can be coordinated at all.) Next, the double function of n-ary conjunctions in nominal coordinate constructions is presented. After that, special cases of nominal coordination involving quantified or numerically determined constituents are analyzed in which the quantified or numerically determined construction itself reflects the double nature of the coordinative conjunction head. On the basis of empirical analyses, the author tries to confirm his hypotheses concerning these conjunctions.
10
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On the Assumptions of the Syntactical-Semantical Description of Natural Languages

80%
Karolak S.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
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2004
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vol. 39
219-228
EN
The article presents a list of assumptions, on which the concept of the syntax with the logical-semantical basics is grounded. In particular, it is stressed that the structure of syntax consists of two components. One component, which is higher in the hierarchy, constitutes a collection of concepts and a collection of the rules for their competitiveness; the second component, which is subordinate to the first one, consists of the collection of expressions/phrases and the rules for their competitiveness. The first component is of a general linguistic nature and the second component is of a specific linguistic nature. The logical-semantical assumptions of the syntax model are presented in detail on the basis of the Polish materials borrowed from the book entitled 'Podstawowe struktury skladniowe jezyka polskiego' (The Basic Syntactical Structures of the Polish Language). They constitute the basis for the project entitled 'Gramatyka konfrontatywna bulgarsko-polska' (The Confrontational Bulgarian-Polish Grammar) and for the international Slavic project entitled 'Skladnia porównawcza jezyków slowianskich drugiej polowy XX wieku' (The Comparative Syntax of the Slavic Languages of the Second Half of the XX Century) carried out at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In accordance with the described syntax model, we have provided the descriptions of specific internal categories of proposal. The said descriptions constitute the semantical category of definiteness/indefiniteness and the semantical category of aspect which constitutes the categorical component of the above-mentioned The Confrontational Bulgarian-Polish Grammar.
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„PODĽA TELESNÉHO VNÍMANIA – PODĽA VNÍMANIA DUCHOM“: RIM 1,1-7 V SKORŠÍCH PREKLADOCH A V NOVOM SLOVENSKOM PREKLADE

80%
Feník J.
Verba Theologica. Teologický časopis
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2022
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vol. 21
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issue 1
21 – 28
EN
In 2013 the Slovak Conference of Catholic Bishops initiated the work on a new translation of the Bible based on original languages. Biblical scholars in Slovakia, especially members of the Centre for the Study of Biblical and Near Eastern World in Košice, have recently launched a project of the translation of Paul’s authentic letters, guided by the insights of the most recent exegetical literature. As a sample of their work, this article shows the challenges faced by a translator of Paul, especially semantic and syntactic ambiguity. It does so with the example of the epistolary praescriptio of Romans (1,1-7).
12
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TWO LEVELS OF THE GRAMMATICAL (= MORPHO-SYNTACTIC) CONTACT-INDUCED CHANGE

80%
Topolinska Z.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
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2006
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vol. 62
147-156
EN
The authoress argues that contact-induced morpho-syntactic changes should be discussed and interpreted separately at the functional and at the formal level. She argues that pragmatic and/or semantic changes in every multilingual environment are triggered by the same factors: the need for successful communication between interlocutors speaking different languages and possessing insufficient knowledge of the language of the 'other'. These changes are defined by the universal hierarchy of information needed for successful communication. Referential information enabling identification of the spoken of events and their protagonists comes to the fore. On the other hand, formal changes depend directly of the inherited grammatical structure of the languages in question. In order to prove her thesis she analyses the so-called Balkanisms in Slavic-Balkan languages, i.e. contact-induced changes deriving from the contact with the non-Slavic members of the Balkan 'Sprachbund'.
13
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Interpunkcja w »Biblii królowej Zofii» i »Kodeksie Cardy«. Porównanie polskich i czeskich redniowiecznych zasad interpunkcyjnych

80%
Wajroch A.
Bohemistyka
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2009
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vol. 9
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issue 1
31 - 50
EN
The article presents comparative analysis of punctuation of two medieval Bibles (Polish and Czech). Author thinks about punctuation in Biblia królowej Zofii as innovative. The writer of Biblia królowej Zofii consistently uses combination of chars [ . ] + [ A ]. We won’t find that kind of text’s segmentation in the Czech Kodeks Cardy.
14

ON APPOSITION IN POLISH

80%
Kasprzyk K.
Linguistica Silesiana
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2007
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vol. 28
295-220
EN
This paper aims at sketching a theoretical framework permitting a more satisfactory approach to the controversial notion of loose, or nonrestrictive, apposition in Polish. The solutions which it proposes have been arrived at on the basis of the corpus from the Polish edition of Newsweek magazine. The appositive constructions have been characterized by the criteria for apposition usually assumed in the previous studies on apposition.
15
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The Toponymy of the Czech Lands as Reflected in Britain (A Study in Exonyms?)

70%
Woodman P.
Acta onomastica
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2007
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vol. 48
176-192
EN
The paper analyses the use of toponyms from the territory of the contemporary Czech Republic in England/Britain since the Early Middle Age up to the 1950's. Great deal of attention is devoted especially to the use of German and Czech forms of toponyms and their relationships. The author comments on the effort of the Czechoslovac government to establish the Czech forms in Britain (German forms had been predominantly used by this time). However, the transition from German endonyms to Czech endonyms influenced the English exonyms only exceptionally (e.g. Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, Prague).
16
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A Pragmatic-Semantic-Syntactic Analysis of Names

70%
Van L. W.
Acta onomastica
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2007
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vol. 48
165-175
EN
The aim of the paper is to provide a unified definition of proper names based on a syncretic pragmatic-semantic-syntactic view. Great deal of attention is devoted also to the differences between proprial and non-proprial lemmas. The question whether proper names come into existence always by the name-giving act is dealt with as well.
17

THE METATEXT OPERATORS WITH SEMANTIC COMPONENT 'TO TALK' IN RUSSIAN AND THEIR POLISH COUNTERPARTS

70%
Czapiga Z.
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2006
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vol. 55
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issue 1
95-107
EN
Metatext operators with semantic component 'to talk' vary in both analysed languages according to their semantics, form and structure. They play an important role in the organisation of a text: they have a phatic function, imply the source of information, provide a certain interruption, express a speaker's comment on his/her own utterance, and carry the expressive quality of the given piece of information. The Russian operators may have dictionary equivalents or other synonymic counterparts in Polish translation, sometimes with the implicit element being 'to talk'. Analysed in the text are for example such operators as 'govoryat - podobno, mówia, powiadaja, gadaja; chodza sluchy; ze niby'; 'govoryu tebe - mówie ci'; 'govorit - mówi, powiada, prosi, pyta'; 'skazhem - powiedzmy'; skazhite - prosze powiedziec, niech pan powie; kto by pomyslal; prosze'; 'kak govoritsya - jak to sie mówi'; 'sobstvenno govorya - mówiac szczerze; prawde mówiac; wlasciwie'; 'otkrovenno govorya - szczerze mówiac; prawde mówiac'; 'voobshche govorya - (tak) w ogóle'; 'mezhdu nami govorya - mówiac miedzy nami'; 'koroche govorya - krótko mówiac'; 'k slovu govorya - nawiasem mówiac'; 'nado skazat - nalezy/trzeba dodac, powiedziec'; 'luchshe skazat - lepiej powiedziec.
18

SPEECH SCHEMATISMS AS PATTERNS OF EXPRESSION IN GERMAN AND POLISH PRESS HOROSCOPES (Sprachliche Schematismen als Formulierungsmuster in Deutschen und Polnischen Pressehoroskopen)

70%
Schatte C.
Linguistica Silesiana
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2009
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vol. 30
95-112
EN
Press horoscopes are texts that include prophecies to be interpreted by the reader and adjusted to his or her own individual situation. The structure, vocabulary and syntax of horoscopes are characterized by stereotypy and conventionalism. Therefore, all kinds of linguistic schemata, colloquial expressions, idioms, collocations and proverbs can well be applied. This paper shows the forms and functions of such phrases in German and Polish horoscopes.
19

SPORNÉ OTÁZKY SLOVENSKEJ MORFOLÓGIE: MALÉ PRIPOMENUTIE PO 60 ROKOCH

61%
Šimková M.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2017
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vol. 82
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issue 1
65 – 77
EN
The discussions in Slovak linguistics of the 1950s were dealing with several fundamental issues of grammar, lexicology and lexicography. These discussions resulted from the actual and intense development within grammatical and lexicographical descriptions of Slovak language that led to publication of the Dictionary of Slovak Language (Slovník slovenského jazyka, 1959 – 1968) and the still unrivalled Morphology of Slovak Language (Morfológia slovenského jazyka, 1966). J. Ružička, as a head of the Department of Standard Language and, later, as a director of the whole Ľudovít Štúr Institute of Linguistics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, as well as a member of several committees of the International Committee of Slavists was at that time one of the leading figures within research of Slovak grammar. Sixty years after the publication of his study Controversial Issues of Slovak Morphology, this paper touches the core of those times’ discussions and reflects upon today’s issues of Slovak morphology, with regard to – amongst others – Slovak educational practise, into which J. Ružička was trying to introduce results of contemporary linguistic research as a member and chairman of several examination boards, as well as the co-author of several schoolbooks.
20

JAZYK V DIELE JOZEFA IGNÁCA BAJZU

61%
Skladaná J.
Slavica Slovaca
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2014
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vol. 49
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issue 1
37 - 41
EN
This paper reviews the language of J. I. Bajza’s work René mládenca príhody a skúsenosti in terms of several language levels: orthography, phonology, morphology, word formation, vocabulary, syntax. In orthography J. I. Bajza continues in older orthography from a pre-literary period. He has already been using a diacritical orthography, but he is not entirely consistent, because somewhere he still retains the spelling orthography (š -ss). He has incorporated “y” into his orthography, but it is not concerned with an etymological principle. In phonology he preserves some West Slovak phenomena, for example rot-, lot- (otrowa), assibilation (krúciťi), occurrence of šč beside šť (wreščaťi). In morphology in the declension of adjectives he frequently uses suffixes -ího, -ímu instead of -ého, -ému and also dual forms (očima, bubnoma). In word formation, compared to the present condition, more prefixes (načudovať sa, neostríhať sa, nablížiť) are in use. Due to the exotic milieu vocabulary is rich in foreign words (crokodil, kaffee, chokoláda). Many compound words (horemislnosť, wernomluweňí, bradyholec, horedržnosť) are occurred. Very frequent are diminutives and augmentatives ((klobássťička, barančátko, kusisko, sskaredého babska). Besides the language of intellectuals there are also dialectical words (wčil, nisst, sstranek). The novel includes bohemisms (pohádka, mluwiť, choť) as well. In the novel there are very richly represented phrasemes (vstúpiť do srdca, vŕtať hlavu, byť zelený ako žaba). Syntax of the novel is clumsy, unclear, strongly influenced by Latin and German. One of the reasons why J. I. Bajza failed the codification of Slovak language was that he had not collected his codification rules into a coherent textbook and he had been influenced by previous language condition, influence of Czech, Latin and German. For all that J. I. Bajza belongs to predecessors of codification of literary Slovak language before A. Bernolák.
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