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1

STATE-OWNED FARMS IN THE PROCESS OF SYSTEMIC TRANSFORMATION

100%
Dzun W.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2004
|
issue 3(124) Sup
153-166
EN
The systemic transformations which were undertaken and are still under way in Polish agriculture are rather specific in that, compared with other post-communist countries, the structure of our agriculture has been predominantly private, with a significant proportion of state-owned farms and very few farming co-operatives. Hence the sector structure of agriculture in Poland did not necessitate rapid privatisation. Neither did the situation on the farm produce market (surplus supply), the land market (negligible demand) or the capital market (lack of capital in private farming and difficulties in its accession). Despite these adverse circumstances, state-owned farms were swiftly privatised. By means of one authoritative, legal-administrative act, all state-owned farms were liquidated and their assets and effects were transferred to the private sector where they were to enlarge and reinforce family-owned farms. Whether or not this was a wise decision is still the object of debate. Experience has shown that, despite the considerable economic and social costs of this transfer, the assumed and debatable goals have not been achieved. Although liquidation of state-owned farms and disposal of their farmland has enlarged the private sector in Polish agriculture, it has not (as was to be predicted) seriously improved the structure of small-producers' peasant husbandry. The most important objective guiding the decision to liquidate state-owned farms has not been met. These farms are a declining form of husbandry. Yet they compare favourably with most private farms, which only goes to prove that privatisation alone does not lead to the emergence of a new quality, i.e., economic effectiveness.
2

FARMS IN THE PROCESS OF SYSTEMIC TRANSFORMATION (1990-2002)

100%
Dzun W.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2004
|
issue 1(122)
43-64
EN
Changes in the broadly understood structure of rural households are largely attributable to the systemic transformation, but mainly to the adjustment of households to the market economy conditions. Generally, it can be stated that agriculture as a whole and also most farms, especially the smaller ones, have proved to be weak entities in the conditions of free competition on the market. The profitability of agricultural production has diminished considerably. In addition, the state-owned farms were put to a restrictive restructuring and privatisation process imposed from the top, whereas farming co-operatives became subject to decollectivisation. Serious changes occurred as a result both in the ownership and legal-organisational structure of farms in 1990-2002. The private sector in the Polish agriculture has clearly become larger and stronger, which relates in particular to individual farms. The share of farming co-operatives in the structure of farms has diminished significantly. On the basis of assets of some former state-run farms (although not exclusively) a dynamic group of relatively large farms has been created, which represent new organisational-legal and ownership forms. The sector of state-run farms has been significantly reduced, mainly as far as the sphere of production is concerned. The formal number of farms is decreasing, although at a slower rate than it could be expected. However, the tough rules of the agricultural market are leading to a fast reduction in the actual number of farms-entities operating on the market. A considerable part of the farms has abandoned production or produces goods for the owners' needs exclusively. The pace of changes in the structure of farms by size is accelerating. The processes of polarisation are intensifying not only as far as the acreage of farms is concerned but also, or even more clearly, as far as their production potential goes. Practically, only larger farms are developing and becoming stronger. This is true, in particular, of farms with the area of 30 -200 ha. In this group of farms there continues a clearly observable process of restructuring and modernisation based on extended reproduction of fixed assets. This group is also characterised by a fast improvement in the age and educational (farming qualifications included) structure of farms. This group of farms also plays an ever more important role in restructuring and modernisation of the Polish agriculture. The excessively high proportion of farms that make no investments at all and the low level of investment outlays in general can be described as very negative phenomena. The principal factors that hampered and still hamper positive changes in the structure of farms are the excessively high and continually growing potential labour resources in agriculture and the extremely low profitability of agricultural production that translates into minimal possibilities of accumulation.
3

ABOUT THE NEED TO REGULATE THE LEGAL POSITION OF PRE-WAR TREASURY BONDS' HOLDERS (O potrzebie uregulowania sytuacji prawnej posiadaczy przedwojennych obligacji skarbowych)

80%
Snarski T., Flis M.
Pieniądze i Więź
|
2010
|
vol. 13
|
issue 3(48)
163-168
EN
The article discusses one of the important problems of the Polish transformation, which consists in civil claims directed against the Third Republic by the holders of pre-war treasury bonds. Therefore fundamental question arises, whether the current Polish state is the inheritor of the legal heritage of the Second Republic and the Polish People's Republic. The behaviour (action or inaction) of state bodies in this area is also extremely important, particularly in regard to the standards of a democratic state of law. The authors emphasise the need for comprehensive regulatory legislation in civil law matters related to the settlement of the past.
4

POLISH MEDIA ABOUT ACT 2.0 (THE CONSTITUTION FOR SCIENCE)

70%
MROZOWSKA S., RYŁKO-KURPIEWSKA A.
Communication Today
|
2020
|
vol. 11
|
issue 1
22 – 34
EN
The article fits in with research on discursive determinants of the condition of the university and focuses on the analysis of media messages about the main assumptions of Act 2.0 (the Constitution for Science). It is considered an important stage of systemic changes in Polish science and higher education system thirty years after the beginning of the political transformation and fifteen years after accession to the European Union. The first part of the article deals with presenting the conditions of the modernisation of the higher education system in the context of external and internal factors of the transformation. The second part discusses the specificity of media messages characterising the Polish act. The way of reporting about changes resulting from the act outlined by the media is to be one of the determinants of social perception of positive changes occurring in the area of higher education. This is demonstrated by the subject matter, the genre of the statements, contextual conditions: time, place, the current socio-political situation, vocabulary and collocations.
5

POLISH SYSTEMIC TRANSFORMATION - CONTINUED: MAJOR DILEMMAS AND CHALLENGES FOR ECONOMIC SCIENCES (Polskiej transformacji systemowej ciag dalszy - najistotniejsze, z tym zwiazane, dylematy oraz wyzwania badawcze w naukach ekonomicznych)

51%
Maksimczuk A.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2011
|
issue 6(54)
32-60
EN
The momentous changes which began at the end of the previous century in many world countries (notably in the so-called former socialist bloc states) are definitely far from complete. There is no doubt that the process is still ongoing. And, what is more important, no one can even approximately predict when it will come to an end. Because of its exceptional complexity, systemic transformation should be regarded as a long-term process which spans generations. Therefore, the term ‘continuation' is frequently used in reference to this phenomenon. The present study discusses the most significant (at least according to the author) issues and problems of systemic transformation. The author also puts forward specific suggestions for directions of further economic and interdisciplinary research into the field
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