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EN
Knowledge is a category difficult to be defined precisely and simul-taneously it fulfils a key role in the management process and acquiring aims of an organisation. The theory of management devotes a lot of at-tention to knowledge management and realisation of benefits arising from it, noting down significant successes in this field, among others establishing principles of knowledge management. Territorial self-government units also belong to organisations. In their case a role of knowledge is particular and it is manifested in many aspects of per-formance. At the same time this performance, as subjects of administra-tion is regulated by law. Thus, it is interesting to inspect in which degree the legislator determined knowledge management in this type of or-ganisations. Therefore the article presents a notion and kinds of knowledge, a role of knowledge in territorial self-government units, legal regulation of using knowledge in these organisations, as well as postulates of changes in provisions in order to improve knowledge management in administration.
EN
Associations of territorial self-governmental units are established in order to perform public tasks belonging to the scope of activity of the association’s participants. The units of the territorial self-government in the range of binding acts, have a liberty to undertake a decision on co-operation, determination of the scope of the subject cooperation and creating organisational structures of cooperation. A public law associa-tion created by units of the territorial self-government takes over to perform public tasks, determined in the statute. Activity of the self-government associations is subject of supervision on analogous principles to supervision over activity of the units of the territorial self-government. Beside the supervision performed by the regional clearing houses in the scope of financial matters and supervi-sion exercised by the Prime Minister, a particular role is fulfilled by su-pervision of a Voivode over the public law associations of the territorial self-government units. A Voivode as a supervisory organ has the right to require informa-tion concerning the organisation and functioning of an association, in-dispensable to perform powers vested in it. Chairman of the association board is obliged to submit to the Voivode resolutions of the general meeting within 7 days since the date of passing them, The scope of the Voivode’s supervisory intervention should be proportional to the im-portance of the protection subject. In relation with this the Voivode should apply only such supervision means, which will enable realisation of the supervision aim – verification of infringement of the law and si-multaneously in the least possible degree curtail the scope of rights of the association of the territorial self-government units. Realisation of this principle in Polish law is certified by progression of infringement of the law, resulting from the law on system, making dependent a type of actions undertaken by a supervisory organ on inessential or essential breach of the law. The Voivode performs evaluation of a resolution of the association meeting, considering its compliance with the law. Depending on a degree of infringement of the law (inessential or essential) the Voivode states that the resolution was passed with infringement of the law or declares nullity of the unlawful resolution. The problems of inter-communal associations and associations of counties has not been so far underlined in a due measure by the legisla-tor. In the law on system there predominate transmissions to separate regulations and some regulations by law require to be made more pre-cise because of appearing divergences in interpretation of provisions. A certain gap in this scope could be supplemented by new regula-tions by law. The bill draft of 4 November 2013 on alteration of the Act on Communal Self-Government and on alteration of some other acts heads to simplification of the hitherto procedure of change of the statute of an inter-communal association and registration of inter-self-government associations. The bill draft realises assumptions of the bill draft on improvement of functioning and organisation of performance of public tasks by territorial self-government units approved on 11 June 2013 by the Council of Ministers.
PL
Artykuł zajmuje się rolą samorządu we współpracy transgranicznej i międzyregionalnej między Polską i Ukrainą. Dane reprezentują rzetel-ną strukturę prawną dla rozwoju transgranicznej współpracy na pozio-mie regionalnym i lokalnym. Podstawą prawną transgranicznej współ-pracy na Ukrainie jest Konstytucja Ukrainy, międzynarodowe traktaty Ukrainy regulujące stosunki w tej dziedzinie ratyfikowane przez Radę Najwyższą Ukrainy, oraz Prawo Ukrainy „O współpracy transgranicz-nej”. Międzynarodowa współpraca lokalnych społeczności jest regulo-wana prawnie wydanymi przepisami w postaci traktatów i porozumień. Ukraińsko-polska współpraca gospodarcza jest regulowana Traktatem między Ukrainą i Polską o sąsiedzkich, przyjaznych stosunkach i współpracy z 18 maja 1992. Artykuł rozważa rozwój transgranicznej i międzyregionalnej współ-pracy między Polską i Ukrainą. Ukraina jest członkiem i uczestniczy w 10 europejskich regionach; najbardziej skuteczne to Euroregiony „Bug” i „Karpacki”, utworzone na granicy ukraińsko-polskiej. Należy zauważyć, że poza współpracą transgraniczną Ukraina rozwija współ-pracę międzyregionalną, co jest istotnym składnikiem strategicznego partnerstwa między Ukrainą i państwami europejskimi, skutecznym środkiem integracji europejskiej Ukrainy, a także praktycznym mecha-nizmem wprowadzania w życie europejskich standardów na poziomie regionalnym i lokalnym. Obecnie istnieje 450 traktatów o międzyregio-nalnej współpracy między Ukrainą i Polską podpisanych na poziomie regionalnym i lokalnym. Na zakończenie podkreślam, że wprowadzenie w życie transgra-nicznej i międzyregionalnej współpracy między Ukrainą i Polską ma istotny potencjał, aby ulec poprawie. Kładziemy nacisk na to, że sku-tecznym narzędziem wzmocnienia roli i polepszenia skuteczności władz lokalnych w sferze współpracy transgranicznej jest zwiększenie współ-pracy ukraińskich obwodów, rejonów, miast i wsi ze swoimi partnerskimi regionami za granicą w oparciu o realizację traktatów podpisa-nych w poprzednich latach oraz podpisanie nowych porozumień. Te środki doprowadzą do wzrostu znaczenia i roli władz lokalnych we współpracy transgranicznej i ułatwią rewitalizację oraz rozwój zgodnie z europejskimi standardami.
EN
After common questioning of a new public management, a leading conception of modernisation of public administration in the world sci-entific discussion is a model of co-management (participation management). Its essence is enabling citizens and groups representing them to participate directly in creation and realisation of public policies. It also puts pressure on a change a role of administration from a regulator of the social life in a way of orders and prohibitions into a direction of a coordinator of activity of outside-government subjects, such as social organisations, formalised and non-formalised communities, business or individual citizens. The article presents basic theoretical assumptions of the conception of co-management, benefits and limitations of this model of public management and an effort of transplanting it to the practice of the Polish public administration.
EN
The article presents the results of research concerning practice of applying art. 91 of the Act on Communal Self-Government, on an exam-ple of the law-making activity of one of communes in the Podkarpackie Province in years 2002–2012.
EN
The article refers to the problems of resolving by NSA off compe-tence disputes and disputes over jurisdiction arising from administra-tive agreements entered into with participation of a territorial self-government unit.
PL
The article presents, how different actors use the Internet in the local elections in the municipality of Slubice. The research clearly show that despite the obstacles, the candidate willingly used the network to promote himself. Local media inform about the election. They were also used by candidates to promote his candidature. For local and state government Internet was an additional place to provide information to voters.
EN
Despite the fact that investments of local self-governments has been subject of research and scientific discussions for a long time, the consistent terminological and methodical basis concerning scope, magnitude, dynamics of investments has not been worked out yet. The major aim of the author has been to analyze some of the above issues from the individual point of view. Inclination towards investment of local self-governments can be understood as purposeful decreasing in current consumption, including of the group of individuals, in aimed at increase in wealth in the future. The author proposes synthetic measurements of financial standing of local self-governments and measurements that enable assessment of inclination towards investment level.
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2017
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vol. 40
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issue 113
145-157
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony jednej z ponad półtora tysiąca polskich gmin wiejskich. Stanowi prezentację i analizę współpracy międzynarodowej tej w swojej wielkości – tak rozumianej ludnościowo, jak i powierzchniowo – przeciętnej, leżącej w centralnej Polsce gminy wiejskiej, natomiast jeśli chodzi o swoją aktywność międzynarodową – gminy wyjątkowej. Gizałki bowiem są laureatem dwóch znaczących i prestiżowych nagród międzynarodowych – Dyplomu Europejskiego i Flagi Europejskiej, przyznanych przez Radę Europy za wkład tego samorządu terytorialnego we współpracę europejskich wspólnot lokalnych i udział w budowaniu poczucia wspólnotowości wśród Europejczyków. W niniejszym artykule została przedstawiona działalność międzynarodowa gminy Gizałki, za którą otrzymała ona wspomniane nagrody, oraz wskazano, co zdecydowało o tak znaczącej aktywności międzynarodowej tej gminy.
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2017
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vol. 40
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issue 113
159-168
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony jednej z ponad półtora tysiąca polskich gmin wiejskich. Stanowi prezentację i analizę współpracy międzynarodowej tej w swojej wielkości – tak rozumianej ludnościowo, jak i powierzchniowo – przeciętnej, leżącej w centralnej Polsce gminy wiejskiej, natomiast jeśli chodzi o aktywność międzynarodową – gminy wyjątkowej. Gizałki bowiem są laureatem dwóch znaczących i prestiżowych nagród międzynarodowych – Dyplomu Europejskiego i Flagi Europejskiej – przyznanych przez Radę Europy za wkład tego samorządu terytorialnego we współpracę europejskich wspólnot lokalnych i udział w budowaniu poczucia wspólnotowości wśród Europejczyków. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono współpracę międzynarodową Gizałek po uzyskaniu przez nie wspomnianych nagród. Na przykładzie Gizałek ukazano ewolucję współpracy międzynarodowej polskiej gminy wiejskiej, charakter tej współpracy oraz jej etapy i uwarunkowania.
EN
The cooperation of local self-government with social and private entities is dependent on existent institutional order. The incoherence of formal and informal institutions could be a barrier of joint activities in local societies. The aim of the article is to present the basic institutional conditions of cooperation of local self-government, as well as the relations between that institutions and their influence of taking up, course and results of cooperation.
EN
In spite of the lack of the specific statutory competence, a commune secretary, similarly to a district secretary and a secretary of a self-governing province play a specific part in functioning of each commune office, a district starosty and the office of the Marshal respectively. The secretaries are in general treated as office directors that guarantee the continuity in functioning one of the most important local government organizational units. It is mainly the result of the fact that a secretary office is not elected as opposed to an office of a commune head (mayor of a town), a perfect of a district and a province marshal. It is certainly a reason why in the literature a secretary is also called “the first officer” as it happens in some Western European countries. While estimating this office in the present legal status, it is necessary to indicate that making thorough amendments of the law rules that regulate the legal position of a secretary e.g. by introducing this office at the level of the self-government in the province, changing the procedure of establishing an employment relationship with a person to held this position and changing the way of his/her remunerating, the legislator has differentiated some of tasks and duties of commune and district secretaries as well as province secretaries in an unjustified way. The reasons of it should be found in the lack of the amendment of previous regulations in force concerning only at first commune and district secretaries. The baseless lack of competence of a province secretary for drawing up an allographic will pursuant to art. 951 § 1 of the Civil Code or his/her exclusion from the list of entities obliged to make revision statements pursuant to the act of 18th October 2006 on revealing information about documents of safety authorities in the state in the years 1944 - 1990 and the contents of these documents can serve as examples. The above mentioned issues should be changed immediately.
PL
Terroryzm jest istotnym zagrożeniem bezpieczeństwa państwa. Zjawisko określane jako problem globalny, występuje coraz częściej w środowiskach lokalnych. W obliczu współczesnego zagrożenia konieczne jest przygotowanie właściwych służb oraz lokalnych struktur zarządzania kryzysowego do podejmowania skutecznych działań mających na celu przeciwdziałanie zjawisku.
EN
There is a positive aspect of the putting by legislator the wide tasks in the social sphere of upbringing in sobriety and counteracting alcoholism on the gminas. However it is a pity that with reference to poviat and regional self-governments legislator did not follow the idea of involving other levels of the self-government in performing these tasks, taking into consideration the peculiarity of poviat and regional self-governments. The Authors suggest, however, that there are explicit needs emerging in this area. Moreover, Authors formulate a large amount of criticism directed against the Act on upbringing in the sobriety and counteracting alcoholism as a legal act forming the basis for performing tasks of self-government units in the social sphere of upbringing in the sobriety and counteracting alcoholism. First and foremost, they indicate lack of precision, numerous legal loopholes and legislative chaos caused by subsequent legal amendments. Moreover, they emphasize lack of correlation with other acts concerning addictions and addicts, including the Act on counteracting the drug addiction. Thirdly, they show that imposing tasks of this sphere only to a small extent on the poviat self-government causes a breach in the system of reacting to social problems in which in other spheres poviat administration is significantly involved (e.g. welfare). Fourthly, they formulate a more general thesis that the legislator does not have a clear concept of the participation of the public administration, including territorial self-government, in solving and counteracting alcohol problems. It seems that a comprehensive analysis of the social sphere of the problem of addictions (including alcohol addictions) is the method for resolving this problem. Besides, one should consider formulating tasks for public administration (in particular territorial self-government) in one legal act, which may result in consolidating the actions of the administration in the struggle against so difficult and socially dangerous phenomenon of alcoholism and drug addiction.
EN
The analysis of the rationing tasks performed by territorial self-government in the economic sphere of counteracting alcoholism points to some conclusions. Various legal means applied to the rationing of trading in alcoholic beverages determining access to alcohol, indicate a considerable role of the gmina self-government and regional self-government in the discussed sphere. This role is not assigned to the poviat self-government in anyway, but to a large extent is related to gminas. On the one hand, there is a positive aspect of the process of passing on the wide competence to the territorial self-government as consistent with the principles of subsidiarity and decentralization that guarantee an important influence on one of the most important branches of social life. On the other hand, we should remember that in this case the trading in alcohol beverages is a special kind of economic activity. In the doctrine there is an opinion that the issue of alcoholism is the nationwide problem, not only the local one. Therefore one should consider whether solving alcohol problems should be assigned to local authorities often remaining under local influence and financial needs of a local pressure group, whose interests may not be consistent with the needs of restrictions on access to alcohol. This contradiction is deepened by imprecise legal expressions and doubts coming from currently binding legal regulations concerning upbringing in sobriety and counteracting alcoholism.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the regulations of the Polish public financelaw principles of openness and transparency of public finances in the context of their roletowards reducing the debt of local governments. Transparency of public finance at the level of local government finances constitutes a factor ensuring the proper use of publicfunds, especially in terms of expenditure of the local government units. The implementationof public finances transparency principle is also conducive to authoritative presentationof data concerning the financial operations of public finances, enabling obtainingreliable information in this regard. Proper understanding of the amounts of revenue andexpenditure of a given local government unit affects the knowledge of the fixed amount of government deficits and public debt of the entity.
EN
The subject of this consideration is the validity of existence and functioning of the direct mechanisms responsible for political decisions which are manifested in the process of the civic initiative - the most popular form of civic participation defined as the citizens' share in making decisions by the authorities. The goal of this work is to answer the question about the role and perspective of the civic initiative's progress as a tool of the citizens' effect on the decisions considering placing the wherewithal on the specific local investments. The issue of the civic participation, its mechanisms and the principles of its action presented in this project is discussed on the example of Radom city. (original abstract)
PL
Ustawa o samorządzie gminnym wytyczyła zadania, jakie ustawodawca postawił przed sa-morządem lokalnym. Poprawnie funkcjonująca gmina powinna rozpoznać potrzeby społeczności lokalnej i swoimi poczynaniami przyczynić się do poprawy jakości życia mieszkańców. W artyku-le przeanalizowano dochody i wydatki gminy Białystok. Zwrócono uwagę na strukturę dochodów własnych i sposób ich wydatkowania. Autorka odniosła się do poziomu zadłużenia Białegostoku oraz prognoz w zakresie ograniczania deficytu miasta.
EN
Local Government Act that the legislature has set the tasks before the local government. Properly functioning municipality should identify the needs of the local community and the actions of their contribution to improving the quality of life. The article analyzes the revenue and expenditure of the municipality Bialystok. Drews attention to the structure of self income and how they are spent. The author referred to the level of debt in Bialystok and forecasts of deficit reduction.
EN
Financing is the main challenge for development of investments of local governments entities in Poland. The aim of the paper is analysis of the sources of investment expenditures financing of local governments of Silesian voivodship with special focus paid on nonrepayable sources. The period of analysis spans from 2006 to 2011. The research was based on data provided by Regional Chamber of Audit (Regionalna Izba Obrachunkowa) in Katowice. The results indicate that the structure of investment expenditiures of particular types of local governments was diversified during the analysed period
EN
Effective management in organizational units of the municipality depends on many factors. These units perform mainly tasks of public utility. The main function of these services is ongoing and continuous fulfilling collective needs of the population through the provision of public services. Local authorities and the administration should take such actions and to organize these services so that they are provided at affordable prices.
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