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EN
The aim of the article is to present widowhood as a way to attaining Christian perfection in Piotr Skarga’s Lives of the Saints. The work, addressed to all the representatives of the spheres of life in the 16th and 17th century Poland, includes selected role models of widows, e.g. St. Elizabeth of Hungary or St. Bridget of Sweden. The main components of the model under discussion are: intensive spiritual life, detachment from the world and its pleasures, avoiding further marriages, poverty and deeds of charity. In the construction of the perfect widow, Skarga follows the writings of St. Paul and the lives of the religious.
PL
In the article, the phenomenon of yurodstvo has been recalled, which is a characteristic and perhaps the brightest realization of the Eastern Christian ideal of sanctity as a clear projection of its irrational or even specifically perverse potential. The examples which are quoted in the considerations and selected from a rich literary corpus (Old Russian, Old Bulgarian and Old Serbian), are colourful manifestations of sanctity in Eastern Christian terms, which can be defined only in a specific religious or socio-cultural context. For that reason, it was considered that this specially designed sanctity should be interpreted in the key of negative theology which is typical of the Eastern (Orthodox) Christianity. Also known as apophatic, this theology assumes the impossibility of a positive knowledge of God, which entails a specific helplessness of reason towards the phenomenon that exceeds all applicable established standards. In the discussed case, the reflection intentionally goes beyond the limits of exemplification of the sainted yurodstvo, since it also covers other types of sanctity, recognized and perpetuated in the Eastern Christian (including Church Slavonic) tradition, and shows the proximity of all projections of the so-called parenetic sanctity along with the relationship between the yurodstvo itself and eremitism and  Monasticism. In this wide exemplification range, it seems justified that the incarnated sanctity of the yurodivy, a hermit or a monk, revealing itself in the socio-cultural reality in an unusual, incomprehensible or even perverse way, is an emanation of the numinous mystery which escapes the rational orders. This emanation should be, therefore, regarded as a phenomenon going beyond the boundaries of intellectual cognition, socio-cultural sphere, or a fixed standard.
EN
Blessed Jerzy Matulewicz, created an original conception of Christian formation, irrespective of age and education level. It was addressed to his renewed Congregation of Marian Fathers, and thus, indirectly, to the laypersons among whom they were to work. Basically, it consisted in attaining the unity of body, mind, and spirit. To this end, he envisaged a combination of the Marian and the Pauline charisma, spirituality and apostolate, simplicity and the radicalism of the Gospel, love and commitment. In this way, a new man (homo Dei) comes into existence, whose desire is to see God (visio Dei). This aim may be achieved through sanctifying grace and asceticism. Without this spiritual work assisted by God’s grace it is impossible to be pleasing to God, that is to become a saint.
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