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Krupinské právo v stredoveku

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During the Middle Age several law systems existed in Kingdom of Hungary. The center of one of these systems was Krupina. The law from Krupina evolved from the legal customs of the Saxons. Saxon ethnic group in the city was dominated by the judiciary and law. This dominance enabled the original customary law to develop into the city's law system. This law system was similar to the Magdeburg law and was relatively extended in the territory of medieval Slovakia. In the paper we will deal with the extension, forms and characteristics of this law system.
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Počiatky krupinského práva

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Krupina law in the Middle Ages was a derivative of Saxon-Magdeburg law. However, there is no more comprehensive answer to the question of what initial influences influenced the creation of the legal system of Krupina. Therefore, the aim of this work is to provide a more comprehensive answer to questions about the origins of Krupina law. In the first part we deal with the legal situation before the arrival of the guests. In the second, we deal with the situation from the arrival of the guests to the granting of the first privileges. In the last third part we analyze and interpret the privileges of 1244. The thesis brings a more comprehensive view of the initial formation of Krupina law.
PL
W komunistycznej Rumunii problemy polityczne, gospodarcze i społeczne zmusiły wielu ludzi do emigracji, a Sasi siedmiogrodzcy (Niemcy z Siedmiogrodu) nie byli w tej kwestii wyjątkiem. Rządzący Rumunią jednak nie pozwalali im na opuszczanie kraju, wyobrażali sobie nawet, że ich władza sięga poza jego granice. Aby powstrzymać emigrację, władze komunistyczne wykorzystywały wiele sposobów. Posłużyli się także przywódcą Kościoła ewangelicko-luterańskiego, bp. Albertem Kleinem. W artykule przeanalizowano niektóre aspekty roli biskupa w wychodźstwie Sasów siedmiogrodzkich w latach 1969–1989, a zwłaszcza w zapobieganiu emigracji kapłanów ewangelicko-luterańskich, przywódców społeczności niemieckiej.
4
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EN
The Battle of Poznań was fought on 19 August 191704 between the Saxon and the Swedish armies. It was an exceptional battle which took place at night, and its result was inconclusive – at least as indicated by the commanders-in-chief of both armies and the historiography of the last two hundred years. This article is intended to identify the winner.
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