Search results

1

The issue of tourist accommodation in the Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism

100%

Ambrozik M.

Turyzm

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2016

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vol. 26

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issue 2

65-71

EN

The aim of the study is to analyze the contents of the articles published in the Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism with special attention paid to texts describing tourist accommodation in its broadest sense. The list of references was collected in a survey of Taylor & Francis Online1 which includes online editions of the journal.

2

W kwestii kontaktów słowiańsko-skandynawskich we wczesnym średniowieczu. Wolińskie osełki z metalowymi zawieszkami

100%

Janowski A.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2019

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issue 60

259-276

EN

The article presents the origin and function of phyllite whetstones with ferrules. Some researchers trace them back to the inhabitants of Scandinavia. However, in the light of the available data and new findings, the whetstones should be attributed to Slavic craftsmen who may have operated in Wolin island. These whetstones were status symbols rather than daily use objects.

3

W jaki sposób badać historię berserków?, (Ł. Malinowski, Berserkir i úlfhe.nar w historii, mitach i legendach)

100%

Rutkowski R.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2011

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issue 1-2

299–306

XX

A review of the book by Łukasz Malinowski "Berserkir i úlfheðnar w historii, mitach i legendach", Kraków 2009, ss. 223.

4

Jan Karski i jego korespondencja z Instytutem Polsko-Skandynawskim w Kopenhadze

100%

Kruszewski E. S.

Zeszyty Naukowe PUNO

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2015

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issue 3

339-359

EN

This paper presents an exchange of letters between the Polish-Scandinavian Research In stitute in Copenhagen and the Polish hero Jan Karski, Washington, DC. The Institutein Copenhagen, represented by its director (Eugeniusz S. Kruszewski), scientific secretary (Józef Parnas) and members of the management (Tadeusz Głowacki, Jørgen Mogensen), began to correspond with Jan Karski in 1986, and received a final letter from him in 2000. The main object of the correspondence was cooperation with the Polish-Scandinavian Research Institute in the area of World War II and the extermination of Jews in German-occupied Poland. We mediated between people from Germany, France, Great Britain and the USA who expressed their opinions about the Claude Lanzmann movie „Shoah”, and World War II reality in Poland during German occupation. Jan Karski visited Denmark and Sweden in 1988, and his lectures and interviews were very successful. It was a very fruitful collaboration

5

Regulace vesnického osídlení a krajiny ve středověké a novověké severní Evropě

75%

Dohnal M.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2009

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vol. 96

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issue 3

279-308

EN

The paper is aimed at regulated medieval settlements in Scandinavia (named mostly, although not always correctly solskifte). These systems comprehend green villages and row villages as well as regular chessboard-like field arrangements. In these systems each farmer had strips in each furlong. The location of his strip within the furlong was constant in relation to that of other farmers and was determined according to the sequence of houses in the village, counting with reference to the apparent course of the sun across the sky and beginning mostly in the south and east. Widths of the house plots were proportional to fiscal assessment of their farmsteads. For further description of those concepts see English references. Recent research in the Czech Republic revealed signs of applying similar planning principles. This is especially the case of the village of Nová Lhota, founded probably in the first half of the 16th century. Ordering of field strips mirror here the sequence of house plots in the village. Better understanding of genetic links between Scandinavian concepts of medieval landscape planning concepts and similar principles found in central Europe is thus the major task of future research.

6

‘Warrior-women’ in Viking Age Scandinavia? A preliminary archaeological study

75%

Gardeła L.

Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia

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2013

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vol. 8

273–340

EN

This paper seeks to provide a new contribution to the debates on Viking Age women by focusing on a rather controversial notion of ‘female warriors’. The core of the article comprises a preliminary survey of archaeological evidence for female graves with weapons (axes, spears,swords and arrowheads) from Viking Age Scandinavia. Attention is focused not only on the types of weapons deposited with the deceased, but first and foremost on the meanings which similar practices may have had for the past societies. The author discusses why, where and how the weapons were placed in female graves and attempts to trace some patterns in this unusual funerary behaviour. In addition to exploring the funerary evidence, the iconographic representations of what could be regarded as ‘female warriors’ are also briefly considered. Lastly, a few remarks are also made on the notion of armed women in the textual sources

7

Atypowe zabytki szkutnictwa wczesnośredniowiecznego ze stanowiska 3 w Wolinie

75%

Krahel M.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2015

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issue 56

231-255

PL

Wolin in its early medieval history is inextricably linked to the using of water routes and shipbuilding tradition. Even as a town in the early stage of its development, has merged in itself influences of many cultural circles, which can be traced today by examining an archaeological artefacts. With a view to this phenomenon, the aim of this article is the presentation and analysing of construction of 10th century atypical hull fragments of the early medieval clinker-built boats from the archaeological site no. 3 in Wolin. Examined relics consists of four constructional groups – keel made of pine wood, upper strakes with oarports, planks of unusual cross-sectional shape and these with painted external side. They are a part of a set of 80 shipbuilding elements secondary used in the constructions of harbour quays, recorded during archaeological excavations conducted in 2012-2013. The whole observation is embedded on the wide comparative background enabling indication of similar objects – e.g. the finds discovered off the coast of the south Baltic zone and today’s Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Furthermore, the study aims to emphasize the high research value of the heterogeneous set of secondary used planks. On the basis of the observed technical aspects such as raw material, caulking, planks cross-sections, holes for the oars or treatment of the outer sides, there was noted many similarities to the wrecks characteristic for both the lands dominated by Slavs and Scandinavians. Thus, we are able to observe the specificity of the nautical craftsmanship created by two cultural elements. Visible technological diversity of relicts found in Wolin, undoubtedly legitimizes us to apply to this set the assertion about a ‘transregional’ idea existing in early medieval shipbuilding.

8

Państwo pracy w Skandynawii – między ciągłością a zmianą

75%

Anioł W.

Polityka Społeczna

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2014

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vol. 41

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issue 4(481)

1-8

EN

The article is devoted to labour market and social security changes in Scandinavia, especially in Denmark, from the early 1990s to the 2000s. During this period traditional active labour market policies (ALMPs) of the Nordic countries were reshaped by workfare reforms. The suggested more universal transition from the “Keynesian welfare state” to the “Schumpetarian workfare regime” is used as a framework to discuss recent tendencies in these countries. The author argues, however, that fundamental elements of the egalitarian Nordic welfare states have not been replaced by a new system, despite introduction of stronger control of unwanted bahaviour of unemployment benefit recipients through work first policies.

PL

Artykuł jest poświęcony zmianom w dziedzinie rynku pracy i zabezpieczenia społecznego w Skandynawii, zwłaszcza w Danii, w okresie od początku lat 90. po lata po roku 2000. Tradycyjne aktywne polityki rynku pracy (ALMP) krajów nordyckich podlegały wówczas przekształceniom w ramach reform wprowadzanych pod hasłem workfare. Tendencje te omówiono w kontekście sugerowanego bardziej powszechnego procesu przechodzenia od „Keynesowskiego państwa opiekuńczego” do „Schumpeterowskiego reżimu workfare”. Autor twierdzi wszakże, iż fundamentalne elementy egalitarnych nordyckich państw dobrobytu nie zostały zastąpione przez nowy system, pomimo wprowadzanej większej kontroli nad niepożądanymi zachowaniami odbiorców świadczeń z tytułu bezrobocia, czemu służą działania podejmowane pod hasłem „po pierwsze praca” (work first).

9

From Folklivsforskning to European Ethnology and Anthropology, and Back: Swedish Ethnology in the 19th through 21st Centuries

75%

Woitsch J.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2017

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vol. 27

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issue 3

224 - 235

EN

The chronologically approached essay outlines the development of Swedish ethnology from its amateur beginnings through establishing the museum and university scientific discipline in the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. Great attention is paid to the essential modernization of the discipline by Sigurd Erixon, which had all-European impact through the theoreticalmethodological formation of the comparative all-European ethnology´s concept, as well as to the subsequent processes of sociologization and anthropologization of the discipline in the 1970s and 1980s, and the shift in the Swedish ethnologists´ focus from the study of the past to current social problems. The contemporary situation in Swedish ethnology, the example of which the so-called Lund School is, is described as a convergence of cultural-historical and anthropological approaches and the discipline is considered to be one of the most progressive in the all-European context. The essay mentions several profiling personalities of Swedish ethnology from the 19th century to date as well as key works, and it describes the past and the contemporary institutional basis of the discipline.

10

From Prosperity to Oblivion: The Slavic Settlement at Gaarz in Ostholstein

75%

Hölscher D. F.

Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia

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2018

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vol. 13

215–242

EN

On several occasions during the 20th c. archaeological finds were brought to light at Gaarz. A great part of the finds from this site in Ostholstein (Germany) hints at a Slavic settlement there. During surveys with the metal detector from the year 2012 onwards, a steadily growing mass of metal finds was uncovered. Some of these are of high quality and attest to wealth which exceeds the scope of merely rural settlements. In this paper some of the archaeological material is presented and the function of this “new” site in the vicinity of the central place of Starigard/Oldenburg is discussed

11

Udržte tancování při životě. Několik osobních postřehů o tanci jako tradici a kulturním dědictví

75%

Nilsson M.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2015

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vol. 25

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issue 3

291 - 296

EN

This article discusses tradition versus heritage with example from Scandinavian (mainly Swedish) polska dance. The author also puts forward an idea how to understand a difference between the concepts tradition and heritage, and argues that it is the dancing that primarily must be taken into consideration, not the dances as such. Using heritage has a tendency to focus on the dances, while thinking of the concept of tradition more emphasizes dancing, the ongoing process of dance. This is an important distinction not least in the light of the UNESCO ideas about intangible cultural heritage. The consequence of intangible cultural heritage is that dance is seen more as objects, dances, instead of a process, dancing, since becoming certified heritage needs documentation. Documents are products, not processes, even if they are documents describing processes. The process of documentation creates artefacts put in archives that become heritage, dances, describing the process of dancing. The article does not want to define the concepts of heritage and tradition, but rather use the words to help us understand what happens when we create what is mostly called intangible cultural heritage.

12

A sword scabbard chape with a depiction of a bird of prey from the surroundings of Kostrzyn

75%

Michalak A., Socha K.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2017

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issue 58

159-174

PL

In 2016, an Early Medieval sword scabbard chape was handed over to the Museum of Kostrzyn Fortress. According to the person submitting it, it was found about 5-6 years earlier in the northern part of Kostrzyn nad Odrą. The main decorative motif of the openwork field is a heraldically arranged bird. The closest analogies to the chape in question are dated to the second half of the 10th and 11th century. Artefacts of this type could have been produced in Scandinavia, but also in the Rus and Baltic areas. Unfortunately, we are not able to say what raw material was used to cast the artefact in question. An analysis of the metal composition of the find carried out on the surface of the artefact demonstrated that a very heterogeneous lead alloy was used, which could have also been a result of lead-bleaching. The same technology was also observed on the chapes from Ruthenia. Scholars have explained the presence of an ornithomorphic motif on the surface of the artefact in various ways

13

Marian Biskup i „Zapiski Historyczne”. Wokół początków umiędzynarodowienia czasopisma

75%

Dybaś B.

Zapiski Historyczne

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2022

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vol. 87

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issue 4

5-37

EN

“Zapiski Historyczne” is one of the most important historical journals in Poland, and its distinguishing feature is the focus on the history of the Baltic Region, as well as an insight into the achievements of international historiography with respect to this area. The internationalisation of the journal through the publication of articles by foreign authors is associated with the period when Marian Biskup (1922–2012) was the journal’s editor-in-chief (1958 to 2003). The first articles by foreign authors were published in 1962–1963, and in 1968 “Zapiski Historyczne” became officially a journal of international acclaim. This phenomenon has been present in the existing literature on the subject, notably in articles published in connection with successive anniversaries of the journal. On the one hand, the article presents a compilation of articles by foreign authors during M. Biskup’s tenure in the journal, complete with the analysis of these articles in each period, and on the other hand, based on the scientific enquiries in archival materials (written by M. Biskup, the files of Toruń Society of Arts and Sciences), an attempt was made to capture the main aspects of the internationalisation of the journal: the extent to which it was a conscious and consistently implemented concept, the mechanisms of obtaining texts (based on M. Biskup’s international contacts), as well as editorial, organizational and communication problems that were encountered in the translation and processing of texts by foreign authors.

14

RHYTHMIC MUSIC PEDAGOGY: A SCANDINAVIAN APPROACH TO MUSIC EDUCATION

75%

Hauge T. B.

Signum Temporis

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2012

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vol. 5

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issue 1

4-22

EN

Rhythmic music pedagogy is a relatively new Scandinavian approach to classroom music education that offers a variety of methods and strategies for teaching and learning music, especially within the performance of improvised and rhythmic music. This article is based on two earlier projects published in Norwegian, in which the concept of rytmisk musikkpedagogikk (or “rhythmic music pedagogy”) as well as its applications and implications were thoroughly described. This research confirms that rhythmic music pedagogy may be an effective strategy for learning music in general, but most especially for learning skills associated with ensemble musicianship and playing by ear. In a multicultural and fluid society in which there are tendencies toward passivity and fragmentation, it may be more important than ever to maintain the idea of music as a collaborative creative process that extends across borders; in this context, rhythmic music pedagogy can play a central role in children’s social development. As a social medium, ensemble playing requires the participant to decentralize socially, since the perspectives of the other participants are necessary for a successful performance. The activity’s general potential for re-structuring social settings and moving boundaries in a positive way should not be underestimated.

15

O interpretacji etnicznej wczesnośredniowiecznych pochówków elitarnych. Skandynawowie w państwie pierwszych Piastów i na Pomorzu?

75%

Sikora J.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2013

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issue 54

61-96

PL

This paper discusses two groups of early medieval burials associated with the elites of the Piast state and Pomeranian duchies: chamber graves and graves with stone constructions. Features associated with the first group appear in the Piast state and in Eastern Pomerania in the fourth quarter of the 10th century, while in Western Pomerania in the second half of the 11th and in the 12th centuries. Some, especially dating from the 10th and 11th centuries, were interpreted by Polish archaeologists as material traces of the migration of Scandinavians. A similar interpretation was also presented with reference to the graves with stone constructions, known mainly from the areas of Mazovia, Podlasie and Central Poland, where they appeared from the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries, but mainly from the second quarter of the 11th century. Previously, these graves were considered typical of the ethnic Polish (or particularly Mazovian) population. This article is an attempt to critically review these interpretations in the light of an analysis of burials and burial sites, primarily with respect to modern theories of ethnicity and archaeology as a cognitive discipline in the field of ethnic studies. The analysis presented tends to consider at least some of these graves as burials of local elites, and challenges or questions the possibility of their identification as burials of Scandinavians in the current state of research.

16

Okucia z wczesnośredniowiecznego grodu w Miliczu

75%

Kolenda J.

Archeologia Polski

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2013

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vol. 58

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issue 1-2

129-141

EN

Excavations of the early medieval stronghold at Milicz in Lower Silesia revealed, in a layer of burning dated from the end of the 10th to the mid 11th c., an extensive group of luxury items associated with ethnically foreign elites of the Piast state. Of particular interest is a set of objects made of non-ferrous metals, including gilded silver artifacts combining heart-shaped and palmette motifs in the decoration. The fittings must have decorated an ornamental belt, horse harness or bag. The assortment and execution of objects from this set, which is of considerable value from a Lower Silesian perspective, can be referred to artifacts known from the great centers of the Piast domain, such as Gniezno and Lednica; it thus highlights the position held by Milicz and its importance in the contemporary state.

17

The Worship of Swedish Saints in Poland after the Council of Trent

71%

Pałęcki W.

Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny

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2013

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vol. 66

|

issue 4

PL

Po Soborze Trydenckim w wyniku unifikacji ksiąg liturgicznych pomięto w nich wspomnienia wielu świętych czczonych w kościołach lokalnych czy wspólnotach zakonnych. Chcąc zachować ich kult w poszczególnych prowincjach czy zakonach, przygotowywano odpowiednie dodatki do brewiarza i mszału. Nowa księga formularzy Officium Divinum świętych i błogosławionych czczonych na ziemiach Polski ukazała się w 1596 roku w Krakowie i przygotował ją kanonik krakowski Stanisław Sokołowski. W 1605 roku wydrukowano dodatek zawierający formularze mszalne opracowane przez Kaspera z Kleczowa. Na skutek wpływu reformacji w Skandynawii, walk religijnych, zwalczania kultu świętych oraz niszczenia ich relikwii, król Zygmunt III Waza zwrócił się do Stolicy Apostolskiej z prośbą o zezwolenie włączenia świętych szwedzkich do patronału polskiego. Po uzyskaniu zgody Kongregacji Obrzędów w 1616 roku poszczególne diecezje podejmowały decyzje o ich włączeniu do własnego kalendarza liturgicznego. W XVII w. formularze mszalne i brewiarzowe ukazywały się najpierw jako odrębne edycje, a później drukowano je razem z patronałem polskim. Dodatek ten, nie zmieniający się w ciągu wieków, zawierał wspomnienia wielkich świętych Skandynawii, m.in. Eryka, Henryka, Ansgara, Zygfryda, Eschila, Botwida, Olafa, Brygidy i jej córki Katarzyny Szwedzkiej. Pod koniec XIX wieku niektóre diecezje przestały zamieszczać patronów Szwecji (np. Warmia), a ostatnie wspólne wydanie patronału świętych polskich i szwedzkich ukazało się w 1901 roku. Święci stojący u początku chrześcijaństwa w Skandynawii są nadal aktualnymi orędownikami i mogą stać się patronami zjednoczonej Europy.

EN

After the Council of Trent memorials of many saints worshipped in local churches or religious communities were omitted as a result of the unification of the liturgical books. In order to maintain their cult in particular provinces or convents, appropriate appendices to the breviary and the missal were prepared. A new book of forms entitled Officium Divinum of saints worshipped in the territory of Poland prepared by Stanisław Sokołowski, canon of Cracow, was issued in Cracow in 1596. In 1605 an appendix containing missal forms developed by Kacper of Kleczowo was printed. As a result of the influence of the Reformation in Scandinavia, religious battles, fighting the cult of saints and the destruction of their relics, King Sigismund III Vasa asked the Holy See to grant the permission to include the Swedish saints in the Polish appendix to the missal devoted to the saints (Proprium Poloniae). Having received the approval issued by the Congregation of Rites in 1616, individual dioceses made decisions to include these saints in their own liturgical calendar. In the seventeenth century missal and breviary forms were first issued as separate editions, and then they were printed together with the Proprium Poloniae. This appendix, which had not changed over the centuries, contained the memorials of the great saints of Scandinavia, inter alia Eric, Henry, Ansgar, Siegfried, Eschil, Botvid, Olaf, Bridget and her daughter Catherine of Sweden. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, some dioceses no longer posted Swedish patrons (e.g. Warmia) and the last common issue of Polish and Swedish saints was released in 1901. Saints from the period of the beginning of Christianity in Scandinavia are still present intercessors and may become patrons of the United Europe.

18

Umiędzynarodowienie szkolnictwa wyższego odpowiedzią na wyzwania globalizacji – doświadczenia Europy Północnej

71%

Musiał K.

Nauka i Szkolnictwo Wyższe

|

2014

|

issue 1-2(43-44)

117-132

EN

In order to face up to the challenges of globalization the Nordic countries made this problem the key issue in the modernization discourse, which led to debates within the framework of the so-called globalization strategies that took place in those countries in 2002-2009. Due to an active engagement of many social partners and to the participation of representatives of the government, employers and employees, as well as of the trade unions and non-government organizations, globalization stopped being seen as a bogey in public debate and began to be viewed as a challenge and a chance of further development. The main way of coping with globalization was seen in broader opening up and adaptation of the national Nordic economies to global trends, and the discourse on strategic internationalization came to be used to stimulate social, economic and political change. This paper concentrates on the sphere of higher education which was pressed into service in implementing the internationalization strategy and which at the same time underwent a metamorphosis and became adapted to the new reality, similar to that in the other sectors carrying out public policy.

PL

Na potrzeby stawienia czoła wyzwaniom globalizacji w krajach nordyckich uczyniono z tego zjawiska punkt węzłowy dyskursu modernizacji, co przełożyło się na debaty toczone w tych krajach w ramach tzw. strategii globalizacyjnych w latach 2002–2009. Dzięki zaangażowaniu wielu partnerów społecznych i aktywnemu dialogowi z udziałem przedstawicieli rządu, pracodawców i pracobiorców, jak też związków zawodowych i organizacji pozarządowych, globalizacja przestała być straszakiem w debacie publicznej, a zaczęto ją postrzegać jako wyzwanie i szansę dalszego rozwoju. Za główny sposób radzenia sobie z globalizacją uznano większe otwarcie i dostosowanie nordyckich gospodarek narodowych do globalnych trendów, wykorzystując przy okazji dyskurs strategicznego umiędzynarodowienia do stymulowania zmian społecznych, gospodarczych i politycznych. Artykuł traktuje o sektorze szkolnictwa wyższego, który został wprzężony w realizację strategii umiędzynarodowienia, a który jednocześnie przeszedł metamorfozę dostosowującą go do nowych realiów, podobną do innych sektorów realizujących politykę publiczną.

19

Wzdłuż marginesów. Marginal Modernity Leonarda F. Lisiego

71%

Jauksz M.

Forum Poetyki

|

2015

|

issue 2

120-129

EN

The topic of this review, Leonard F. Lisi’s book Marginal Modernity. The Aesthetics of Dependency from Kierkegaard to Joyce, is an ambitious attempt to reconstruct the cartography practiced by scholars of European modernism. Examining the northern periphery of the continent, Lisi tries to show how an aesthetics of dependency, formulated within the philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard, was disseminated in Western literature, chiefly through the reception of Henrik Ibsen’s plays, influencing the perception of art, humanity, and our place in the world in the works of such artists as Henry James, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, and Rainer Maria Rilke.

PL

Przedmiot recenzji, książka Leonarda F. Lisiego Marginal Modernity. The Aesthetics of Dependency from Kierkegaard to Joyce, jest ambitną próbą rekonstrukcji kartograficznych praktyk badaczy modernizmu europejskiego. Wskazując na północne peryferia kontynentu, Lisi stara się ukazać, w jaki sposób sformułowana w obrębie filozofii Sørena Kierkegaarda estetyka zależności (the aesthetics of dependency), gównie za sprawą recepcji dramatów Henrika Ibsena, rozprzestrzeniła się w literaturze Zachodu, wpływając na sposób pojmowania sztuki, człowieka i jego miejsca w świecie w dziełach twórców takich jak Henry James, Hugo von Hofmannsthal czy Reiner Maria Rilke.

20

Reforma sektora publicznego w krajach nordyckich a powrót do elitarności szkół wyższych

63%

Musiał K.

Przegląd Socjologiczny

|

2009

|

vol. 58

|

issue 3

143-172

PL

Celem artykułu jest przeanalizowanie niektórych uwarunkowań systemowych Danii, Finlandii, Islandii, Norwegii i Szwecji, które przekładają się na rozwiązania zastosowane w polityce wobec szkolnictwa wyższego tych krajów. Artykuł nawiązuje do dyskusji o kulturze nowego kapitalizmu w kontekście zmian dokonujących się w sektorze publicznym, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dziedziny szkolnictwa wyższego. W tym kontekście jednym z podstawowych wątków jest dyskurs elitarności w szkolnictwie wyższym, który również w krajach nordyckich nie przeszedł bez echa. Jego analiza ujęta została w szerszą ramę zmiany społecznej, gdzie zmianie ulega dawny, zorientowany na kolektywizm kontrakt społeczny. Ta perspektywa umożliwia dostrzeżenie zmieniającej się roli szkolnictwa wyższego jako instrumentu polityki społecznej w państwie opiekuńczym. Nowe uwarunkowania społeczne, nastanie postindustrialnych stosunków pracy i produkcji oraz zmiana indywidualnych wartości na których zbudowano nordyckie państwa opiekuńcze powodują większą akceptację dla idei elitarności zindywidualnej i instytucjonalnej. Co prawda szkolnictwo wyższe w tych krajach jest jeszcze domeną w przeważającej większości zarządzaną i finansowaną przez państwo, jednocześnie jednak daje się zaobserwować narastanie zachowań imitujących działania rynkowe w sektorze prywatnym. Oznacza to, że analiza zmian zachodzących w sektorze szkolnictwa wyższego jest możliwa tylko wtedy gdy uwzględnieni sie zmieniający się charakter sektora publicznego, który w krajach nordyckich ma charakter typowy dla społeczeństw postindustrialnych.

EN

This article aims at analyzing some elements of the social systems in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, which influence Higher Education policy in these countries. The argument is linked to the discussion about the culture of new capitalism that can be observed in the public sector reforms in general and in Higher Education policies in particular. The discourse of elitism in Higher Education is addressed in this context as it has also left its impression on the Nordic countries. The analysis of the discourse is placed within a broader framework of social change, within which the traditional social contract is being renegotiated. The traditional collectivist mindset of the welfare state policy logic of the past gives way to greater individualism and acceptance of elitism as the Nordic societies become more and more post-industrial. Although Higher Education in the Nordic countries is still mainly publicly funded and managed, an increasing emulation of the public sector and market-like behaviour can be witnessed. Therefore the analysis includes a theoretical discussion of the new contractual relationship of the whole public sector, which enables the capture of the changing nature of the social relations in post-industrial societies.

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