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EN
The article discusses the phenomenon of disappearing readerships and its implication in the form of all-age literature. It starts with a short summary of previous theories on multiple address divided into two categories, depending on either the age or the experience of readers. However, nowadays artists explicitly distance themselves from addressing children and state that their art creates its own audience. The result of this stance is for example the picturebook for adults which here is illustrated by two examples from Scandinavia: Titta Max grav (1991) by Barbro Lindgren and Eva Eriksson, and Maria & José (1994) by Erlend Loe and Kim Hiorthøy. The blurring of age groups is accompanied by genre hybridity, which has been exemplified by two books nominated in 2016 for the prestigious Norwegian prize of the Ministry of Culture: Megzilla by Gro Dahle and Kaia Dahle Nyhus, and Mulegutten by Øyvind Torseter; along with the winner of the award—Morkels alfabet by Stian Hole. All of them are cross-genre works, blending elements of both traditional and graphic novels, comics, picturebooks and non-fiction. The conclusion is that we are presumably witnessing the birth of all-literature, perceived as an art which is open to everybody who is attracted by it, without age boundaries and traditional limits, such as paradigms, conventions, or genre affiliation – a literature which is transgressive on many levels: content, form and readerships.
EN
The article aims to analyse the dramatic work of Dagny Juel Przybyszewska using methods hitherto unexploited and to introduce this literary work in the context of gothic aesthetics.This way of interpretation is supported by a number of researchers’ voices, but above all it has been encouraged by the references to literature and art of Romanticism – present in the works of Przybyszewska. The article presents the analysis of the dramas Den Sterkere (The Stronger), Synden (The Sin), Når solen går ned (When the Sun Goes Down) and Ravnegård (Ravenwood), focusing on the elements common for literary work of Przybyszewska and gothic novels from years 1764–1830: gothic space, gothic villain, gothic phantoms, gothic bestiary and gothic props.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza utworów dramatycznych Dagny Juel Przybyszewskiej z wykorzystaniem środków dotychczas nieeksploatowanych i wprowadzenie tej twórczości w obręb estetyki gotyckiej. Taką interpretację wspierają głosy szeregu badaczy, przede wszystkim jednak zachęcają do niej obecne w dziełach Przybyszewskiej nawiązania do literatury i sztuki romantycznej.W artykule zostały przedstawione analizy dramatów Den Sterkere (Silniejszy), Synden (Grzech), Når solen går ned (Kiedy słońce zachodzi) i Ravnegård (Krukowisko), skupiające się na elementach wspólnych dla utworów Przybyszewskiej i powieści gotyckiej z lat 1764–1830: gotyckiej przestrzeni, gotyckim łotrze, gotyckich upiorach, gotyckim bestiarium oraz gotyckim rekwizytorium.
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