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Variable Scottish English Consonants: The Cases of /ʍ/ and Non-Prevocalic /r/

100%
Schützler O.
Research in Language
|
2010
|
vol. 8
5-21
EN
In a sample of 27 speakers of Scottish Standard English two notoriously variable consonantal features are investigated: the contrast of /ʍ/ and /w/ and non-prevocalic /r/, the latter both in terms of its presence or absence and the phonetic form it takes, if present. The pattern of realisation of non-prevocalic /r/ largely confirms previously reported findings. But there are a number of surprising results regarding the merger of /ʍ/ and /w/ and the loss of non-prevocalic /r/: While the former is more likely to happen in younger speakers and females, the latter seems more likely in older speakers and males. This is suggestive of change in progress leading to a loss of the /ʍ/ - /w/ contrast, while the variation found in non-prevocalic /r/ follows an almost inverse sociolinguistic pattern that does not suggest any such change and is additionally largely explicable in language-internal terms. One phenomenon requiring further investigation is the curious effect direct contact with Southern English accents seems to have on non-prevocalic /r/: innovation on the structural level (i.e. loss) and conservatism on the realisational level (i.e. increased incidence of [r] and [ɾ]) appear to be conditioned by the same sociolinguistic factors.
2
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Variable Scottish English Consonants: The Cases of /m/ and Non-Prevocalic /r/

100%
Schützler O.
Research in Language
|
2010
|
vol. 8
1-17
EN
In a sample of 27 speakers of Scottish Standard English two notoriously variable consonantal features are investigated: the contrast of /m/ and /w/ and non-prevocalic /r/, the latter both in terms of its presence or absence and the phonetic form it takes, if present. The pattern of realisation of non-prevocalic /r/ largely confirms previously reported findings. But there are a number of surprising results regarding the merger of /m/ and /w/ and the loss of non-prevocalic /r/: While the former is more likely to happen in younger speakers and females, the latter seems more likely in older speakers and males. This is suggestive of change in progress leading to a loss of the /m/ - /w/ contrast, while the variation found in non-prevocalic /r/ follows an almost inverse sociolinguistic pattern that does not suggest any such change and is additionally largely explicable in language-internal terms. One phenomenon requiring further investigation is the curious effect direct contact with Southern English accents seems to have on non-prevocalic /r/: innovation on the structural level (i.e. loss) and conservatism on the realisational level (i.e. increased incidence of [r] and [r]) appear to be conditioned by the same sociolinguistic factors.
3

Licensing of vowel quantity and the Scottish vowel length rule

72%
Zdziebko S.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
|
2015
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vol. 63
|
issue 11: Anglica
145-162
XX
The claim of the article is that the distribution of vowel quantity in Standard Scottish English is sensitive to the substantive complexity of the following consonant, which may block the licensing originating in the V position that follows the potential long vowel (Licensing Absorption). Licensing Absorption interact with the scale of the preponderance of A element within the featural make-up of licensed vowels thus deriving the attested pattern of the distribution of vowel length in SSE.
PL
Autor artykułu wykazuje, iż dystrybucja długich samogłosek w szkockim dialekcie języka angielskiego jest uzależniona od dwóch czynników. Pierwszym jest złożoność spółgłoski następującej po potencjalnie długiej samogłosce. Im bardziej złożona jest spółgłoska, tym mniejsza możliwość licencjonowania długości. Drugim czynnikiem jest aktywność elementu A w licencjonowanej samogłosce. Im mniej aktywny jest element A, tym większa potrzeba licencjonowania. Interakcja tych dwóch czynników jest odpowiedzialna za obecność lub brak obecności długich samogłosek w pewnych kontekstach.
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