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Security sector reform – theory and practice

100%
Brylonek M.
Internal Security
|
2016
|
vol. 8(1)
177-194
EN
Security Sector Reform (SSR) is a concept and activity of the democratic transformation of defence, justice and rule of law systems. In accordance with the United Nations approach, SSR is critical to the consolidation of peace and stability, promoting poverty reduction, rule of law and good governance, extending legitimate state authority and preventing countries from relapsing into conflict. Over the last few decades, with many countries evolving and developing democratic processes, the concept has gained interest and popularity in international organisations and states heading towards a positive change. In the past, full SSR activities had been successfully conducted in central and east European post-communist countries. Nowadays, the process is carried out among African and Middle East countries, in some of them this being extremely challenging. A considerable degree of complexity characterizes the SSR processes. For this reason, a great deal of effort has been exerted with the aim of normalising rules and conditions for conducting SSR. The purpose of these activities is to ensure the widest possible effect of the use of scarce expert resources. SSR is a relatively new area of expertise suffering from a scarcity of literature presenting theory in conjunction with practice. During the research conducted it was assumed that, in spite of a wide array of actions to be executed within SSR in different states, they should be interconnected by a general model which would ensure the greatest effect. The aim of this essay is to present selected theoretical aspects of SSR, essential for increasing the effectiveness of the reforms conducted, illustrated with a practical example of the SSR process in Egypt.
2
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Rentier economy of the Kurdish region in Iraq as a source of barriers for the regional security sector reform

88%
Sosnowski P.
Security and Defence Quarterly
|
2019
|
vol. 23
|
issue 1
144-157
EN
Despite the uncertainty about the Peshmerga’s status, western countries besides training and arming the Iraqi Kurds are working with them to reform Peshmerga forces. The aim of this article is to identify and explain some of the barriers for the Regional Security Sector Reform which comes from oil dependence. The author assumed that explaining the historical context of some of the barriers emerging could be helpful during the reform planning process.
3
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SYTUACJA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA W KOSOWIE PO 1998 ROKU Z PERSPEKTYWY ZACHODU

75%
Brylonek M.
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
|
2019
|
issue 2(17)
98-115 (18)
EN
For centuries Kosovo remained a disputed region between Serbs and Albanians. Sparse historical data reaching back to 14th century indicated the origins of the conflict, resulting from the outcomes of the Battle of Kosovo Polje in 1389, out of which derived statehoods of both Serbia and Kosovo. For Serbs this region is connected to the dawn of the Serb Orthodox Church. On the other hand the Kosovo Albanians claim that themselves being the descendants of the ancient nation of Illyrians, inhabited this region for millennia. Currently it is estimated that among the republic’s population approximately 90% are Kosovo Albanians. During Yugoslavia’s existence, Kosovo gained the status of an autonomous province within the borders of Serbia, one of the six republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In spite of its autonomy Kosovo was entirely dominated by the Serb Republic. People of Kosovo never ceased in their efforts to obtain the status of a separate republic. The dispute turned into an armed conflict resulting in ethnic cleansing conducted by Serbs on the Albanian population. They were one of the reasons for the armed intervention and ensuing long-term presence in Kosovo of the NATO forces, the United Nations UNMIK mission, the European Union EULEX mission and a number of humanitarian and non-governmental organizations assisting in the state-building of the newly created republic. In the current publication the author presents the issue of multidimensionality of the international support for Kosovo in the area of security after 1998, with a special focus on the reform of the security sector. This article is a result of theoretical and empirical research. The scientific method was based on the analyses of the outcomes of discussions, consultations and interviews conducted with representatives of international organizations and selected countries. This publication was also based on interpretations of recent international events and conclusions of analyses of the indicated bibliography.
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