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EN
The aim of the paper is to describe the relationship between economic mechanisms of public and private sector according to New Public Management (NPM). Generally, NPM assumes that market mechanisms (especially mechanism of competition) should be implemented in public sector. The paper examines microeconomic background knowledge of NPM, theoretical and practical aspects of marketisation and its consequences
EN
This paper presents relatelations between social economy and governments and private sector. Traditionally, have been characterized as conflictual or competitive, actually it seems to more complicated. The social economy couldn't by itself constitute the only form of economic organization for an entire economic system, but it could be one of the central elements in a capitalist, democratic egalitarian economic structure. Models prepared by Gidron, Salamon, Kramer and by Phillips and Grahadm suggest that relationships between social economy and governments based on collabitation and partnership.
EN
The aim of this paper is to answer the questions: What are the reasons of difficulties in public-private partnership? And also: How to avoid this difficulties? The author presents a thesis, that further development of this partnership require more transparency and trust between both sectors and also exact procedures and regulations. So raised problem implicates need for more bureaucracy and regulations.
EN
The article analyzes public-private partnership as a modern form of coordination of collective action public governance and assess the status and prospects of its development in Poland. PPP is an effective way to finance public services and the answer to the challenges of states - meet the growing social expectations regarding the volume and standard of public service with a strong limitation to public funds. Quantity, value and structure of PPP's in Poland reflects early stage of development of PPP market and numerous barriers, of which the largest is a high degree of ignorance of its principles and the lack of a conscious policy to use it
PL
Celem artykułu jest próba identyfikacji kosztów transakcyjnych funkcjonowania systemu podatkowego. System podatkowy, który uznawany jest za jeden z najważniejszych elementów gospodarki, generuje liczne, niełatwe do zmierzenia koszty transakcyjne. Ponoszą je państwo oraz podmioty prywatne. Do kosztów transakcyjnych systemu podatkowego zalicza się: koszty efektywności i koszty poboru podatku (koszty operacyjne), które są obciążeniem zarówno dla państwa (koszty administracyjne), jak i dla podatników (koszty dostosowania do przepisów podatkowych). Ich wielkość jest trudna do oszacowania i niekiedy przyjmuje postać niemierzalnej straty dobrobytu. Opracowanie ma charakter przeglądowy. Zostało napisane na podstawie analizy literatury przedmiotu.
EN
The article is of review nature. It was written on the basis of literature in the field of analyzed issues. The purpose of the study is the identification of transaction costs in the tax system. The tax system, which is considered as one of the most important elements of the economy, generates numerous transaction costs which are difficult to measure. These costs are of the state and of private entities. The transaction costs of the tax system include: efficiency costs and tax collection costs (operating costs) which are a burden both for the state (administrative costs) and for taxpayers (tax compliance costs). Their size is difficult to estimate and sometimes takes the form of an immeasurable loss of well-being.
EN
Polish healthcare units are subjected to processes of commercialization and privatization and they have to seek the factors affecting the growth of their own competitiveness. The purpose of this article is to attempt to identify determinants of innovation in the public and private health care units. However, the empirical verification of this objective will be achieved on the basis of a fragment of the tests carried out in the context of the study of entrepreneurship in the conditions of the health sector (including the concept of entrepreneurial orientation, in which one of the dimensions is the innovation).
XX
Artykuł plasuje się w nurcie dotyczącym określania atrakcyjności na podstawie popularności inwestycji Atrakcyjność inwestycyjna jest badana za pomocą mniej lub bardziej prostych wskaźników statystycznych, np. wielkością nakładów per capita lub wielkością nakładów inwestycyjnych na jednostkę powierzchni. Obszar uznawany jest za bardziej atrakcyjny, gdy charakteryzująca go wielkość nakładów (na osobę lub powierzchnię) jest większa. Na podstawie stosunkowo prostych wskaźników statystycznych ustalono ranking województw według popularności inwestowania na ich terenie. Rozpatrzono inwestycje ogółem w środki trwałe w sektorze prywatnym w latach 1999-2007. Ograniczono się do sektora prywatnego, gdyż kieruje się on wyraźnie sprecyzowanym celem gospodarczym. Jego inwestycje świadczą o atrakcyjności inwestycyjnej poszczególnych obszarów. Z kolei inwestycje w sektorze publicznym wynikają raczej z konieczności społecznej lub celów ogólnokrajowych.
EN
Survey results on inter-voivodship diversity of the investment level in fixed assets of the private sector in years 1999-2007 are discussed in the article. Simple measures of the variation rank as well as investing intensity index were used in the analysis. An attempt of the voivodship ranking, based on current investment allocation, was undertaken. The results disclosure very important territorial disproportions and show predominance of Mazowieckie voivodship resulting from the capital potential of Warsaw. Other voivodships improve their positions. But within of next 10-20 years they have not to much chances to achieve the Mazowieckie voivodship's level.(original abstract)
EN
Regeneration is a complex process consisting of a series of integrated activities, among which, apart from investment in buildings and infrastructure, you can also indicate actions undertaken on economic and social areas. This process is aimed at permanent removal of economic, social and environmental problems in the presence of which the market mechanism fails. The main goal of this article is to present the role of private actors in the process of regeneration, identify the factors affecting their perception of the process and their involvement in it, as well as point out the solutions attracting private investment. Achieving the benefits of such a complex process, as regeneration, requires a commitment on the part of participants and strategic management of the local authorities, as a coordinator of the process. A key task facing local authorities is to attract private partners which deliver not only financial resources but also knowledge and other resources to regeneration process.
EN
The elaboration treats about the issue of PPP in Poland. Since 2099 Poland has been experiencing the growing number of PPP undertakings. The aim of study is to present the issues concerning the conditions for the development of PPP in Poland. This problem is presented in the context of the ongoing global financial crisis. It seems that in Polish conditions, a reflection of the current recession is the low success rate of PPP initiatives.
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