Diverse traditions and heritage practices are the legacies of contemporary processes, and as such they are safeguarded and retained. The elements of intangible cultural meaning are presented as dynamic, often ambivalent processes that form specific cultural politics on a local, regional and global level. Intangible cultural heritage is projected in Serbia as a strategy of state politics, accumulated scientific knowledge and a network of various interactions and perceptions. Bearing in mind all the specific social-political circumstances of a country during the crisis and transitional period, practices, constructions and statuses of intangible cultural heritage are manifested through ambivalent processes of global networking and positioning on a national level. More and more traditions, heritage practices, social communities and groups are heading towards decentralization and pluralization, thus making it harder to register them and have a systematic overview. Safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage in Serbia relies on people and their practices not just inside one country and its national borders but, as well, through self-identification and diffusion where unique maps of cultural diversities and perceptive empathies between people are created.
This article shows Serbia’s road to the European Union, mainly Serbian’s problems. First problem was a cooperation with International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia with was solved in 2011 and Serbia meantime could ratify the Stabilisation and Association Agreement and put forward an official proposal of membership in the European Union. Second and the biggest problem is now relations with Kosovo. In 2011 mostly under European Union’s infl uence Serbia had started negotiations with Kosovo but meantime did not agree with its indpendence. However the progress in cooperation with Kosovo made possible to start negotiations with the European Union and ratification of Agreement and now open two negotiation’s chapters. Currently government with a strong Serbian society support wants cooperate with the European Union because in this they see correct way of Serbia’s transformation. Serbian prime minister Aleksandar Vučić is planning to fi nish all negotiations by end of 2018 and become a member in 2020.
The adoption of the New Law for Local Government Financing is currently underway in a Serbian Parliament procedure. The goal of the new law is the creation of clear government regulations which will define the system of financing for local government entities. This will furthermore create an environment of stability and predictability with regard to revenue planning when preparing local government entities’ budgets, as well as achieving a vertical balance when distributing revenues amongst various state levels. Additionally, these goals are reflected in the establishment of a system to increase the share of public investment in the total expenses of counties and cities, as well as in the vertical balance with regard to the distribution of revenue and jurisdiction at various state levels. In that sense, it is preferable to understand financial models such as public-private partnerships, which have still not, to an adequate degree, been adopted in Serbia, but one which could potentially contribute to the introduction of additional sources of local government financing. In order to better perceive the current capacities of this model of financing local government in Serbia, a study was conducted during the spring and summer of 2016, taking into account a sample of 150 examinees. The results of the study indicate very low human resource and technical capacities in local government with regard to realizing and comprehending the concept of public-private partnership.
Thanks to the field observations conducted on the territory of central Serbia, it was noticed that people in rural environment, beside the optional conversations about weather conditions, most often talk about the politics. The aim of this work was to find out how many people who live in the countryside have the contact with the politics. Hypothesis were made within the communication with several examinees, but they were verified by the poll in which more than 100 persons took part. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, using T-test, one-factor analysis of ANOVA variance, and also they were checked by Post-hoc Tukey test. The work task was to find out if gender, age, as well as, professional and regional differences exist in relation to the countryside inhabitants considerations about certain political issues they have been talking about. The importance of this work is to discover whether the distance from urban environments and, life in nature can make a man less interested in and indifferent to the politics.
Satisfying customers and other groups of interest is the key output of relationship marketing. This paper presents the parts of the research that had been carried out by the first quarter of 2008 which included 84 quality management (QM) certified companies and 37 experts from Republic of Serbia. The goals of the research, related to this article, were: firstly, to explain customer satisfaction from the standpoint of relationship marketing concept; secondly, to show that relationship marketing concept is/can be accepted and implemented in QM certified Serbian companies - in order to integrate customer satisfaction and realionship marketing in QM concept.
Since the Balkan Wars in the 1990s, Serbia has been perceived by Europe as its enfant terrible. This is an effect of Serbian war crimes, of an unwillingness to cooperate with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, and general reluctance towards Western political structures in Serbian society. The tension between the West and Serbia grew particularly high in 1999 during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, and in 2008 when Kosovo proclaimed independence. In spite of these tensions, within last few years Serbia has been successfully involved in a normalisation process with Kosovo as a part of its rapprochement with the EU. Serbia has opened itself to the West but it still maintains good relations with Russia, regardless of the Kremlin’s foreign policy activities. Hence, the author argues that rethinking relations and cutting certain ties with Russia should be among the key conditions for Serbia to join the EU, no less important than normalisation with Kosovo.
The circumstances accompanying the incorporation of Montenegro into Serbia in November 1918 were marked by an internal conflict in the Montenegrin nation, which, to be specific, was the conflict between King Nicholas I and his supporters on the one side and the group of pro-Serbian former ministers in Montenegrin governments on the other side. The royal camp aimed at maintaining independence of the Kingdom of Montenegro while the pro-Serbian camp’s aspiration was unconditional incorporation of the country into the borders of the Kingdom of Serbia and later into the unified South Slavic Kingdom. The pro-Serbian camp tipped the scales in its favour as it organised the illegal National Assembly on the territory of Montenegro, which decided about the unification of Montenegro and Serbia and the dethronement of King Nicholas I. The consequences of this state of affairs led to a significant number of uprisings of the Montenegrins allied with the royal camp. Out of these, the Christmas Uprising gained a rank of a symbol. Montenegrin-Montenegrin and Montenegrin-Serbian fights involved considerable losses on the part of the people of Montenegro and the country’s architectural wealth, yet they solidified the national awareness of the Montenegrins, and the cult of this awareness made it possible to regain independence after 88 years of strong bonds with Serbia.
The aim of the article is to analyze the politics of the Serbian Kingdom towards the newly created situation in Ottoman Macedonia, caused by the Young Turks Revolution in 1908. The activities of the Serbian Chetnik organization in Ottoman Macedonia were discontinued as a special Serbian political organization was established. The organisation was mostly interested in the following agenda: regulating the status of the so called “Serbian people” in the Ottoman Empire; regular use of the national name “Serb” instead of the general term “Rum”; expansion of the patriarchies privileges to the “Serbs” in Ottoman Macedonia.
Serbia charakteryzuje się niestabilnością polityczną i państwową od początku swojej nowożytnej historii. Problemy z określeniem racjonalnego interesu narodowego, kwestie granic państwa, strategii rozwoju pokazują, że w tym kraju istnieją poważne problemy z utworzeniem syntezy społecznej rozumianej jako „wartość dodana” własnej historii – uczenie się na błędach i wyciąganie właściwych wniosków. Praca stanowi próbę pokazania, dlaczego serbskie elity pozostają nieskuteczne w tworzeniu funkcjonalnego systemu społecznego w dominującym kontekście społecznym (w tym racjonalnie pojętego interesu narodowego jako fundamentalnego warunku stabilności społecznej). Since the beginning of its modern history Serbia has been characterised by political and state instability. The issues regarding determination of a rational national interest, the questions of country’s borders and development strategy show that the country has considerable problems to create a social synthesis understood as „positive value” of the country’s history – learning from its own mistakes and drawing correct conclusions. The paper is an attempt to present the reasons for which the actions of Serbian elites remain ineffective in creating a functional social system in the dominating social context (including a reasonable national interest as a fundamental condition of social stability).
The institute for Balkan studies at the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts was founded in 1969. It draws on the tradition of the Balkan institute which existed in 1934-1941. The institute is involved in acomplex study of the Balkan peninsula, from pre-historic to modern times, covering archaeology, anthropology, ethnography, history, study of culture, art, literature, common law, etc. This multidisciplinary approach forms a continuous scientific tradition of this institute. Between 2006 and 2010, the institute implemented six projects with the participation of fifty two researchers in cooperation with other foreign scientific institutions, including the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. the projects include: the history of political ideas in the Balkan peninsula; common cultural heritage of the Balkan and the Danube regions; medieval cultural and sacral heritage of the Balkan; ethnic and social stratification of the Balkan; traditional culture of the Serbs in the Slavic and Balkan contexts; the archaeological heritage of the Balkan in the broader context of proto-historical and historical processes. Besides the traditional multidisciplinary approach to realization of the above mentioned projects, different methods of field research, archival and library research are used.
The situation of ethnology and anthropology in serbia is observed on two levels: scientific projects and institutions and scientific production - their implementation and presentation. The aim of this article is to picture the field of ethnology in the 21st century - stumbling after the previous turbulent period of crisis along with the rest of the post-socialistic serbian society. the author also wants to emphasize the extent to which the critical social and political processes influenced the scientific configuration and valorisation in the country and how ethnology and anthropology remained “blind and deaf” to destroying its social reality. .
Adventure tourism is a specific type of tourism that has been increasingly popular in Serbia in recent years. In this regard, the paper identifies the basic characteristics of adventure tourism, its development in Serbia, with a great emphasis placed on high mountain areas that, owing to their physical and geographic characteristics, possess huge potential. The paper aims, among other things, to identify factors encouraging or limiting development of adventure tourism in Serbia, analysing the practice, defining potential destinations and suggesting appropriate measures in order to promote it
Kosovo, the smallest country in Europe, over 10 years after declaring its independence, still remains outside of the European Union. As one of the countries of former Yugoslavia, it benefitted from the process of European integration, yet compared to neighbouring Western Balkan countries it is at an early stage of stabilisation and association process. The paper points to the main problems that Kosovo is facing, both at the internal and external level, in the face of the accession process and future membership in the European Union.
Until recently, marriage was the only socially acceptable community of two partners of different gender, with the goal of creating a family and prolonging the human race. The aim of this paper is to examine the attitudes of University students towards marriage and family. The research was based on the survey regarding the attitudes of students from the University of Novi Sad, Serbia towards institution of marriage. Collected data were analysed by using the SPSS statistical software. The main results indicate that 93.8% of respondents want to get married one day; an ideal number of children for a family to have been two (48.4%); 54.6% of respondents strongly agreed that if being in a marriage does not work properly, they should divorce. The results of these analyses and their limitations suggest guiding a future research according to different attitudes of respondents. This research provides the most ambitious and systematic analysis to date the attitudinal evidence on the attitudes of family, future children, and divorce among University students.
Since at least the Middle Ages, a custom called slava, alternatively called krsno ime, krsna slava, svetac, and služba svecu, etc. has been cultivated by Serbs. This custom is devoted to a patron saint of family. Like other family cults it is celebrated once a year, on the day which is devoted to the particular saint in the calendar. The custom of slava is passed patrilineally. In the slava ceremony bread (kolač) plays a key role along with cooked wheat (koljivo/žito), wine, a candle, olive oil, and incense. All ingredients are known from the Old Testament and were appropriated by the Orthodox Church liturgy and carried over to the slava ritual. A midday meal is the most important part of the slava ceremony. It starts with the ceremonial notching of a cross on bread, pouring wine on it, rotating it clockwise, kissing it, and fi nally breaking it. These activities are accompanied by religious formulas. Additionally, toasts (zdravice) in honour of the saint, household members, and guests constitute an important part of the feast. In Serbian and Yugoslavian scholarship there have been a few theories that aim at explaining the origins of slava. The custom has been infl uenced by the Serbian Orthodox Church that recommended and validated some structural elements of its practices. Along with the Kosovo myth, slava is one of the most important elements of which national Serbian identity is built on. It is also celebrated by Macedonians. In previous centuries it had been practiced by Catholics in parts of Bosnia, Dalmatia, Slavonia, and in the Dubrovnik region in Croatia.
One of the crucial things for achieving and maintaining sustainable tourism development in a destination is to create a positive interaction between residents and foreign tourists. The quality of interaction between tourists and residents contributes to both tourists experience and perception of the visited destination and acceptance and tolerance of tourists by residents. Thus, the aim of the study is to analyse influence of tourist’s behaviour on resident’s perception of tourists, their acceptance and social interaction between them in the destination.The research is conducted among residents of Belgrade, Novi Sad and Sombor during the year of 2010. The results showed that cultural incidents are very important for the acceptance of tourists by the local residents and that perception of tourist’s behaviour was significantly affected by socio-demographic characteristics of residents.
L’Autorité de la concurrence serbe a été particulièrement dynamique durant ces trois dernières années. Le Conseil et le président nouvellement élus de la Commission pour la protection de la concurrence (ANC serbe) ont apporté un changement indispensable à l’application du droit de la concurrence en Serbie en mettant l’accent non plus sur les seuls cas individuels mais sur une vision plus globale et en promouvant le respect du droit de la concurrence en tant que modèle d’entreprise à privilégier. Au cours de cette période, l’autorité nationale de concurrence serbe a publié plusieurs instruments juridiques non contraignants, notamment ses premières lignes directrices pour l’élaboration de programmes de conformité, accompagnées d’un modèle de programme de conformité et de deux listes de contrôle de la conformité, visant à identifier les risques liés au droit de la concurrence. Ces activités, destinées à sensibiliser au droit de la concurrence, ont été accompagnées de plaidoyers vigoureux promouvant son respect. L’objectif global était de favoriser le respect volontaire du droit de la concurrence, de promouvoir la concurrence en tant que valeur positive dans la conduite des affaires et d’assurer le respect ascendant (bottom-up) du droit de la concurrence.
EN
The last three years have been very dynamic for the competition authority in Serbia. The newly elected Council and President of the Commission for Protection of Competition (Serbian NCA) have brought a much-needed change to competition enforcement in Serbia, shifting the focus of enforcement from solely individual cases, to looking at the bigger picture and promoting competition law compliance as the preferred business model. During this period, the Serbian NCA has published several soft-law instruments, issuing its first Guidelines for Drafting compliance programmes, accompanied by a Template compliance programme and two compliance Checklists, aimed at identifying competition law related risks. These materials, meant to raise competition law awareness, were accompanied by vigorous advocacy activities in promoting competition law compliance. The overall aim was to foster voluntary compliance with competition law, promoting competition as a positive value in doing business, and ensuring compliance from the bottom up.
The main objective of this paper is to find good solutions for the development of public- -private partnership in function of constituting frames for long-term sustainable reindustrialization of Serbia. The main hypothesis of this paper is that the implementation of each specific project of development of public-private partnership must be derived from the concept of developing a good business environment for the export business in accordance with the specific regional, subregional and local resources and specific capabilities to their development and assuring in future. In this context, the paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, the emphasis is on determining the basic settings (determinants) on which should build the specific models of publicprivate partnership in realization of regional strategies of reindustrialization in accordance with the basic concepts of theory and practice of endogenous development. The second part deals with the problems and controversies regarding the role of public-private partnership in the implementation of revitalization strategies of inherited industrial districts and industrial centers in the function of territorial cohesion development. In the third part of the paper, the focus is on determining the regional frame for intensification of the mechanism of public-private partnerships as a basis for building a new model of public management and private sector management in function to increase the effectiveness of regional and local industrial policies.
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Głównym celem opracowania jest poszukiwanie właściwych rozwiązań dla rozwoju partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego, które realizuje funkcje tworzenia ram dla długoterminowej reindustrializacji Serbii. Podstawową hipotezą badawczą jest stwierdzenie, że wprowadzenie poszczególnych projektów rozwoju partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego musi bazować na koncepcji rozwoju korzystnego środowiska biznesowego dla eksportu, zgodnie ze specyficznymi regionalnymi, subregionalnymi i lokalnymi zasobami oraz możliwościami ich rozwoju i zapewnienia w przyszłości. W tym kontekście, opracowanie zostało podzielone na trzy części. W pierwszej nacisk położono na określenie podstawowych warunków (determinant), na których powinny być budowane poszczególne modele partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego dla realizacji regionalnych strategii reindustrializacji zgodnych z podstawowymi koncepcjami teoretycznymi i praktyką rozwoju endogenicznego. Część druga dotyczy problemów i kontrowersji wokół roli partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego we wprowadzaniu strategii rewitalizacji dystryktów przemysłowych i centrów przemysłowych dla realizacji funkcji budowania spójności terytorialnej. W części trzeciej opracowania skoncentrowano się na determinantach ram regionalnych dla intensyfikacji mechanizmów partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego jako podstawie budowy nowego modelu zarządzania publicznego i zarządzania w sektorze prywatnym dla zwiększenia efektywności regionalnych i lokalnych polityk przemysłowych.
The Serbian Competition Act , which has been in force since November 2009, was amended in 2013 in order to improve the effective enforcement of competition rules by the Commission for Protection of Competition (hereinafter, the Commission or Competition Commission), and to further harmonise national regulations with the EU acquis in the area of protection of competition. The 2009 Competition Act (hereianfter, the Act), which introduced some modern competition protection concepts into the Serbian legal system, had certain deficiencies which hindered the practical application of the statute and, consequently, effective enforcement by the Commission. In addition to the existing provisions of the Act, the legislator introduced a novelty that will, beyond any doubt, produce considerable effects on the Commission's actions in deciding on competition infringement cases. The novelty concerns the introduction of the so-called commitment procedure, which allows the Commission to close a competition infringement case by accepting commitments offered by the undertakings concerned, without establishing whether there has been an infringement. The instrument has turned out to be exceptionally effective in closing proceedings before the competition authorities of the EU and the Member States.
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