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EN
This article discusses two discursive figures that provided Serbian nationalism in the period of the Jugoslav crisis in the 1980s and 1990s with a pseudohistorical framework. The first was the Kosovo myth, which was used not only in the Kosovo conflict but also in Bosnia and Hercegovina when Bosnian Muslims/Bosniaks were identified with the mythical Turks. The second mythical figure was the notion of the unprecedented suffering of the Serbian nation in the 20th century, which led to repeated comparisons with European Jews and their fate during the Second World War. The article attempts to deconstruct the moral message of both myths, and the historical context of their origin and function they performed in political conflicts.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest językowej konstrukcji ideologii Načertanija Ilii Garašanina. Tekst został w późniejszym czasie uznany za manifest serbskiego nacjonalizmu i z tego powodu należałoby bliżej przeanalizować jego symbolikę. Pierwsza część artykułu bada tło historyczne Načertanija, tj. kwestię przemian społeczno-kulturowych w XVIII wieku, symboliczną i ideologiczną produkcję tzw. etnarchii, rozwój filologicznych i politycznych idei Vuka Karadžicia, wpływ polityki Hôtelu Lambert. Druga część identyfikuje trzy warstwy ideologiczne (pluralistyczna wzajemność słowiańska, wspólnota słowiańsko-prawosławna, etnocentryzm) w dokumencie Garašanina i wskazuje, jakie wyrażenia językowe są ich nośnikami.
EN
The article is concerned with linguistic construction of the ideology of Ilija Garašanin’s Načertanije. The text was later claimed a manifesto of Serbian nationalism and for that reason it is worthy to inspect more detailedly its symbolics. The first part analyses the historical background of Načertanije, i.e the question of a socio-cultural change in course of the XVIIIth century, the symbolic and ideological production of the socalled ethnarchy, the development of Vuk Karadžić’s philological and political ideas, the impact of the politics of Hôtel Lambert. The second part identifies three ideological layers (pluralistic Slavic mutuality, Slavic-Orthodox community, ethnocentrism) in Garašanin’s document and finds out which linguistic expressions are their vehicles.
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