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Lektury oświeconego wojażera-Sarmaty w świetle katalogu ksiąg zabranych w podróż przez Seweryna Rzewuskiego (1778)

100%
Kucharski A.
Folia Toruniensia
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2017
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vol. 17
45-57
PL
Poziom wiedzy o przebiegu, znaczeniu i realiach podróży zagranicznych mieszkańców dawnej Rzeczypospolitej zwiększył się wydatnie dzięki publikacji źródeł historycznych, zarówno w postaci krytycznych edycji źródłowych, jak i opracowań naukowych. Jednym z ciekawszych dokumentów dla poznania roli książki oraz dynamiki rozwoju kultury czytelniczej wśród nowożytnych wojażerów jest katalog książek zabranych w podróż przez Seweryna Rzewuskiego w 1778 r., magnata i polityka polskiego dobrze znanego z kart historii. Artykuł ten jest okazją do zaprezentowania tej postaci z nieco innej strony niż jego aktywność jako jednego z liderów konfederacji targowickiej. Archiwalny inwentarz biblioteki podróżnej Rzewuskiego jest unikalnym źródłem tego typu, dlatego też warto go przybliżyć i pokazać dzięki niemu różnorodność zainteresowań staropolskiego podróżnika. Poprzez prezentowane poglądy i postawy polityczne, a z drugiej strony świadomy dobór lektur jego sylwetka jawi się jako osobowość wewnętrznie złożona stojąca na pograniczu pomiędzy mentalnością i programem ideowym sarmackiego peregrynanta i oświeconego wojażera.
EN
The level of knowledge about foreign travels of inhabitants of the Polish-Lithuania Commonwealth has risen owing to historical sources published both in the form of critical source editions and scientific studies. One of the most interesting documents which allows us to learn about the role of the book and the development of reading culture among Early Modern travellers is the catalogue of books which Seweryn Rzewuski, a Polish politician and magnate, took with him during his journey in 1778. The article presents the politician not as one of the leaders of the Targowica Confederation, but from a slightly different angle. The archival inventory of the travel library of Rzewuski constitutes the unique source of its kind; that is why, it is worth examining only to show the variety of interests of this traveller. Presenting his political views and the conscious selection of books to read, he seems to have a complex personality standing on the border between the mentality of a Sarmatian pilgrim and an enlightened traveller.
DE
Das Wissensniveau über den Verlauf, die Bedeutung und die Bedingungen für die ausländischen Reisen der Bürger der alten Rzeczpospolita stieg eindeutig dank der Veröffentlichung der historischen Quellen sowohl im Rahmen der kritischen Quelleneditionen als auch der wissenschaftlichen Bearbeitungen. Eines der Dokumente, die für die Erkenntnis der Rolle des Buches und der Entwicklungsdynamik der Lesekultur unter den neuzeitlichen Reiseberichten am interessantesten sind, ist der Katalog von Büchern, die von Seweryn Rzewuski, dem aus der Geschichte sehr gut bekannten Hochadeligen und polnischen Politiker, 1778 auf Reisen mitgenommen wurden. Der Artikel bietet die Gelegenheit, seine Gestalt näher darzustellen, und zwar nicht nur aus der Sicht seiner Aktivität einer führenden Gestalt während der Konföderation von Targowica. Das Archivinventar der Reisebibliothek Rzewuskis ist eine einmalige Quelle, aufgrund deren die Interessenvielfalt eines altpolnischen Reisenden darzustellen ist. Durch die zum Ausdruck gebrachten Ansichten und politischen Einstellungen wie auch durch die bewusste Lektürenauswahl erscheint seine Gestalt als eine innerlich zusammengesetzte Persönlichkeit an der Grenze zwischen der Mentalität und dem Ideenprogramm eines sarmatischen und eines aufgeklärten Reisenden.
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Instrukcje rodzicielskie Wacława Rzewuskiego dla syna Seweryna oraz córek Teresy i Ludwiki z lat 1754 i 1763/64

88%
Kucharski A.
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
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2017
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issue 36
105-120
EN
Parental instructions of Wacław Rzewuski for his son Seweryn and daughters from the years 1754 and 1763/64 The education of younger generations had long and rich traditions in the old Polish aristocratic Rzewuski family. The domestic and foreign education of sons in particular played a major role in building the power and social position of the family. The main purpose of this article is to present hitherto unknown sources on the history of the education of members of this family. Between 1754 and 1763 (or 1764) four instructions have survived, written by Wacław Rzewuski for his son Seweryn and two daughters: Teresa Karolina and Ludwika Maria Róża. The first instruction for Seweryn Rzewuski comes from the period of his studies in Warsaw (1754), when the young magnate attended the college of Theatines. In this piece of writing, the father gives detailed instructions on the civic education for his son. This instruction contains advice on how to behave properly during social gatherings and religious ceremonies. It also refers to the rules of the moral education of the young boy. The second instruction for Seweryn contains advice on the protection of the family residences in Podhorce and Olesko and was associated with the political situation in which Waclaw Rzewuski and his sons lived in the years from 1763-1764. However, the two instructions for his daughters are a real rarity. Wacław Rzewuski paid great attention to their security and safety and very good presence. One of the instructions was devoted to the conditions and circumstances for short journeys by the daughters to a nearby church or monastery. In particular, it concerns the staff of the daughters’ traveller suite. Another talks about being cautious with fire during their stay in the palace in Podhorce. Both instructions are unique documents of the realities of daily life and domestic trips by young women from the aristocratic sphere, and a father’s expectations with regard to their proper behaviour and maintaining good manners.
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Portret czasów rewolucji

87%
Bernatowicz A.
Biuletyn Historii Sztuki
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2012
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vol. 74
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issue 3-4
601-619
EN
The article focuses on a comprehensive reflexion on the painting showing Hanging of the Traitors in Effigie 29 Sept. 1794 (oil, Warsaw History Museum, property of National Museum, Warsaw) attributed to either Jean Pierre Norblin or Aleksander Orłowski. The painting is a unique historical testimony documenting the act of justice meted out on the leaders of the Targowica Confederation sentenced with final binding judgment of the insurgents’ tribunal to death for betraying their homeland. Since the convicts succeeded in escaping, in compliance with the valid procedures, their portraits were hanged. The painter rendered the moment of the sentence being administered: in the presence of the famous Działyński Infantry Regiment, the Capuchins seeing to the ‘convicts’, and the gathered crowd. The convicts’ portraits were placed on peasant carriages, and among them (on the first carriage) there was a portrait of Great Crown Hetman Franciszek Ksawery Branicki. The hangman is placing the effigy of Szczęsny Potocki on the gallows, underneath Seweryn Rzewuski is already awaiting his turn.
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Tragedia i dwór. Stan faktyczny oraz polemiczne użycie stereotypu w historii polskich przekładów Corneille’a i Racine’a

87%
Bajer M.
Pamiętnik Teatralny
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2018
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issue 4(268)
55-86
EN
The reception of the plays by Pierre Corneille and Jean Racine through translation, which began in the 17th century, was a breakthrough moment in the history of Polish tragedy. By the time of Jan Andrzej and Stanisław Morsztyns, the royal court had become a privileged circle of receiving the French model of serious drama. The trend continued in the 18th century, but the interest of translators in the output of the two tragedians spread into first aristocratic and then nobility courts as well. A notable example from the Saxon times is a fragment of a 1715 translation of Corneille’s Le mort de Pompée that can be found in a silva by Stanisław Wincenty Jabłonowski. Racine’s work, on the other hand, inspired magnate translators, such as Udalryk Krzysztof Radziwiłł or Seweryn Rzewuski. The ties with the court theatre could also be found in the way Piarists, and Stanisław Konarski most notably, put on school theatre spectacles. The trend lived on under the reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski as well. Additionally, there was a surge of interest in French théâtres de société. At courts, the translations of French classical tragedies continued to appear either in manuscript (Stanisław Wodzicki) or in print (Wojciech Turski). After the reign of Stanisław August, the tradition of court theatres still influenced the reception of French tragedies, but in more indirect, and sometimes surprising, ways: confronted with the difficult situation of the genre in the repertories of commercial theatres, for example, Osiński produced Corneille’s Horace (1802) as an amateur play in order to popularise it. Theatre criticism of the Towarzystwo Iksów [the Exes’ Society], intent on promoting tragedy, was connected with the court through the social status of its members and their actions behind the scenes. In the last of the abovementioned periods—to some extent due to the Towarzystwo Iksów whose actions inadvertently exemplified some criticisms levelled by European critics of the time, like Schlegel—negative associations surrounding French tragedy and the court as a place of moral decay, overly ritualistic behaviours and insensitivity towards problems of society as a whole came to the fore. This, however, does not fully define the stereotype of courtliness ascribed to the work of Corneille and Racine. In Kopystyński’s life, translating Racine appears to be a perfect otium for an educated nobleman living in his family mansion in the country. In the post-partitioning period, a legend about the staging of Le Cid at the court of King Jan Kazimierz emerged, although it was based on false premises. French tragedy is presented as an important factor shaping the national tradition.
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