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Military Expenditures and Shadow Economy in the Central and Eastern Europe: is There a Link?

100%

Fedotenkov I., Schneider F.

Central European Economic Journal

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2018

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vol. 5

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issue 52

EN

The main goal of our paper is to determine the existence of a link between government (military) expenditures and the shadow economy in the Central and Eastern European countries, which are the members of the European Union. The empirical investigation is conducted for the years 2003–2015. We show that there is a high statistically significant positive dependence between the size of the shadow economy and military expenditures in the Baltic States. Our conclusion is that higher military expenditures indeed lead to a larger shadow economy and this result is robust to different model specifications. In order to demonstrate the importance of our results, we undertook a simulation, where we calculated how much the size of the shadow economy would increase if the size of military expenditure as a percentage of GDP were to double. For example, in the Czech Republic, such an expansion would have led to an increase in the size of the shadow economy from 11.50% to 12.96%, and in Estonia, from 18.34% to 22.72% in 2012.

2

A Brief Analysis of Underground Markets in Eastern Europe

88%

Maftei L.

Human and Social Studies

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2014

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vol. 3

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issue 3

44-56

EN

In the last decade, the financial underground markets evolved in a surprisingly way, around the world. Eastern Europe is a significant region, where illegal activities associated with the shadow economy became a real problem that affects the governments stability, the economical, political and social status. Due to the influence of old regimes and the current tolerance of the Eastern European nations, this underground corridors emphasize the risk of interfering with the financing platforms of international terrorism or organized crime

3

Measuring the tax gap in the European economy

88%

Raczkowski K.

Journal of Economics and Management

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2015

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vol. 21

58-72

EN

The objective of the paper is to reveal the methodology used to examine the tax gap and calculate the tax gap for all EU states over 2011-2014. The paper draws on the review of reference literature addressing the tax gap in the context of tax avoidance and tax evasion. The paper features the GDP size across countries so as to demonstrate the overall level of the shadow economy compared to the aggregate tax burden. Finally, for the first time, the calculations of the tax gap for all EU states over 2011-2014 were displayed.

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1 Central European Economic Journal

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1 Fedotenkov I.

1 Maftei L.

1 Raczkowski K.

1 Schneider F.

Military Expenditures and Shadow Economy in the Central and Eastern Europe: is There a Link?

A Brief Analysis of Underground Markets in Eastern Europe

Measuring the tax gap in the European economy