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The aim of this essay is to familiarize the reader with the very anthropological (ethnological) approach to the past. It will be done not by presenting or formulating any theoretical program, but by looking at how it is practiced, taking the intriguing group of Slovincians as a case study. A pretext for my anthropologically informed reading of history is given by a question: “why Slovincians do not want to talk?”, which emerges to be the most important one during my fieldwork on their contemporary life. The elaborated research strategy and its outcomes makes it possible to outline the difference between the anthropological and historical ways of studying the past.
EN
Because of geographical distribution, origin, political involvement and religious specificity, Lutherans of Western Pomerania are treated as a border community. The largest populations of Polish-speaking Protestants occurred in the counties of Lębork, Bytów and Słupsk. This commu-nity disappeared at the end of the nineteenth century, although still in the 20s and 30s, researchers recorded a lot of people who knew the Kashubian dialect. Lutherans in the Kashubian region were generally unknown to religious communities of Masuria, Silesia and the Polish Kingdom. More knowledge about them brought only through a study conducted by Alexander Hilferding — a Russian Slavicist traveling in these areas in 1856. The greatest popularity in the definition of this com-munity has won ethnonym Slovincians propagated by Alexander Hilferding. Available sources and studies mainly publish information on the language, especially its use in church services and teach-ing religion. Thera are, however, extremely rare eyewitness accounts relating used hymn books and cantionals, popularity of a particular repertoire and the context of its practice. From the relation-ship and visitation of church printed from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, we know that they were used in religious services “Polish songbooks”. The oldest of them is cantional prepared by a priest Simon Krofey from Bytów with a handwritten appendix compiled from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. Pastor Lorek from Cecenowo immortalized in the consciousness of later generations stereotypes of a tacit and gloomy Kashubian. However, according to later observers, Kashubians sang willingly and often but only a religious repertoire, while the folk song and dance sounded very rare. Considering the available sources it seems that the inhabitants of these lands — like the Protestants from Silesia and Masuria had used their own repertoire, which could be performed in an original and unique way.
EN
The article concerns the Committee for Slavic Studies which operated in the years 1945-1946 with the support of the City Council for Culture in Słupsk. The goal of the committee was to gather data which would prove the Slavic character of West Pomerania. The article discusses the establishing, activities, the dissolution of the committee and the incorporation of the organisation into the Polish Science Association founded in Słupsk in February 1946, based on available source material.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest działającej w latach 1945–1946 przy Miejskiej Radzie Kultury w Słupsku Komisji Badań Słowiańskich, której celem było zbieranie materiałów potwierdzających słowiański charakter Pomorza Zachodniego. Omówione zostały założenie, działalność, likwidacja oraz włączenie organizacji do powstałego w lutym 1946 roku w Słupsku Polskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego na podstawie dostępnego materiału źródłowego.
EN
The article concerns the evolution of the image of the native populace from the area of the lakes Gardno and Łebsko known as the Slovincians in the Polish journalism. The paper focuses on the period during which the most intense conflict between the native and extraneous populace would fade – with its finale in the 1980s, when the “Slovincian question” has ended with the departure of the last native inhabitants of Kluki to Germany. The most commonly appearing notions regarding this topic are: the sense of national belonging of the Slovincians, their assimilation in the Polish environment, the economic situation of Kluki, the open museum in Kluki – its founding, development and goals.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy ewolucji obrazu ludności rodzimej znad jezior Gardno i Łebsko zwanej słowińską w publicystyce polskiej. Opracowanie odnosi się do okresu, w którym wygasały najostrzejsze konflikty między ludnością napływową a rodzimą, aż do lat osiemdziesiątych XX wieku, gdy „sprawa słowińska” zakończyła się wraz z wyjazdem ostatnich rodzimych mieszkańców Kluk do Niemiec. Najczęściej podejmowane w tym temacie wątki w publicystyce to: poczucie przynależności narodowej Słowińców, ich asymilacja w polskim środowisku, sytuacja gospodarcza Kluk, skansen w Klukach – powstanie, rozbudowa, cele.
EN
The article is devoted to the difficult issue related to the origins of the Kashubians. It also attempts to uncover the origins of the name Kaszuby, which are still uncertain. In the light of recently discovered materials it has been established that the name comes from the Middle East. In Persian and Arabic languages, the word kaszeb means “to amass fortune”. It was related to the Amber Road and trade. The inhabitants of the Wolin area would sell amber to Middle-Eastern merchants. The name “Kaszubi” stuck. The article also touches on the contemporary situation of the Kashubians, especially their area of residence and population.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest trudnej kwestii związanej z pochodzeniem Kaszubów. Podejmuje też próbę rozwikłania pochodzenia nazwy „Kaszuby”, której dotąd jeszcze nie rozstrzygnięto. W świetle niedawno odkrytych materiałów ustalono, że nazwa ta wywodzi się z Bliskiego Wschodu. W językach perskim i arabskim słowo „kaszeb” oznacza „bogacić się”. Wiązało sie to ze szklakiem bursztynowym i handlem. Mieszkańcy okolic Wolina sprzedawali bliskowschodnim kupcom bursztyn. Przylgnęła do nich nazwa „Kaszubi”. W artykule przybliżono także współczesną sytuację, zwłaszcza obszar zamieszkiwania i liczebność, Kaszubów.
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