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EN
Gender issues are of growing importance in the European and Spanish rural areas. The literature reflects that women have traditionally been linked to marginal positions in economic life, social activities and even political representation at the local level. Local development programs that have been implemented in Europe’s rural areas have had among its objectives the improvement of the articulation of local communities. To reach them, it has been fostered, among others, a gender perspective, promoting both productive activities led by women and their participation as stakeholders in the management and decision-making structures of such programmes. In this paper, we addressed this latter issue. The study focuses on a sample of 30 relevant social actors linked to the implementation of a rural development programme in the county of Rincón de Ademuz (Valencia, Spain) from the mid-1990s to recent date. Through Social Network Analysis, gender differences and women’s roles within the social network are studied in two differentiated periods. This analysis reveals that despite women representing a minority among the relevant stakeholders, their level of participation, prestige, position in the network, and frequency of relationships, among other indicators, are comparable with respect to those sustained by men. Therefore, it cannot be said, as reflected in some of the literature, that women tend to occupy marginal positions in the structure of social relations of local development programs.
EN
Social network analysis (SNA) can be applied both within and between organisations. The paper draws attention to potential application of SNA to research organisations in the public sector. Literature review about the method as well as public sector lets to introduce a SNA framework to measure the effectiveness of public organizations. In the presented theoretical research it is assumed that every organisation is an example of network understood as a communication system determining organizational issues and its effectiveness. The paper suggests that individuals and groups which belong to the public organisation may have an impact on both formal structural variables as well as informal relationships in and between organisations. All these elements determines the effectiveness of a public organisation in undertaking public services.
FR
Plusieurs études se penchent ces dernières années sur la vie numérique des étudiants, aussi bien au lycée que dans l’enseignement supérieur. Nous passons d’abord en revue quelques travaux scientifiques, réalisés dans différents pays et qui essaient d’analyser quelle influence ont les technologies d’apprentissage sur sa qualité. Nous présentons ensuite l’enquête réalisée à l’Université Grenoble 2 auprès de tous les étudiants primoentrants en été 2012, enquête qui s’intéressait à leurs pratiques numériques, à leurs expériences numériques pour l’apprentissage, acquises au lycée et aux outils numériques utilisés éventuellement par les enseignants du secondaire, à leurs habitudes dans l’apprentissage des technologies et, enfin, à leurs attentes concernant les services numériques de l’université. Nous posons ensuite la question des modifications à prévoir en termes de missions de l’université par rapport aux services numériques, la place de ces outils dans les études et les changements qui interviendront probablement dans la relation entre les enseignants et les étudiants
XX
W artykule dokonano analizy wpływu sieci społecznych na wynagrodzenia pracowników w Polsce, korzystając z danych indywidualnych z ISSP. W celu zwiększenia precyzji uzyskiwanych oszacowań, obok modeli oszacowanych dla podpróby zawierającej dane dla Polski przedstawiono również oszacowania dla pełnej próby zawierającej 19 krajów. (fragment tekstu)
EN
This article analyzes empirically the impact of job search through social networks on wages. Individual data are used from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) and the regression combining and decomposition methods to estimate the effect of social networks for Poland and 19 other countries. In the analyzed cases generally the null hypothesis cannot be rejected of no wage effect of social networks. At the same time the results indicate a positive effect on the wages of private employment agencies and employment agencies operating at universities and schools. (original abstract)
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