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EN
The article clarifies the role of the Olshany cemetery in Prague as a location for the memory of Ukrainians and about Ukrainians. Olshany is one of the largest necropolises of prominent Ukrainians outside Ukraine. Most Ukrainians buried here became emigrants as a result of the defeat of the Ukrainian National Revolution of 1917-1921. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the perception of this necropolis among Ukrainians, to show some aspects of mentions of Olshany in the Ukrainian information space and to find out its possible role as a place of memory. The topic of Olshany became more active in the Ukrainian media in 2017 due to the threat of losing the grave of one of the most prominent Ukrainian poets of the early twentieth century – Oleksandr Oles (Kandyba) and his wife. The periodicity of attention to Olshany is explained by the interest of Ukrainians in the subject of the Ukrainian National Revolution of 1917-1921, which also acquires a greater resonance closer to the memorable dates. Members of the Ukrainian governments buried in the cemetery, including Fedor Shvets, Stepan Siropolko, Volodymyr Leontovych, Sofi a Rusova, Hryhoriy Sydorenko, Apollinarii Marshynsky, as well as scientists and artists Spiridon Cherkasenko, Mykola Andrusov, Yevhen Ivanenko and others, together with the military UGA, are very important part of the memory of Ukrainian post-revolutionary emigration, and involve people in understanding their destinies through the fields in which they were engaged before, during and after the Revolution. Th at is why Olshany already acts as a place of memory for Ukrainian historians, teachers, diplomats, etc. But given the professional diversity of the people buried there and the significant legacy they have left behind, this place has greater potential. And new generations of Ukrainians who work or study in the Czech Republic now can contribute even more to this.
EN
The article covers actual problems of child rearing as interpreted by a Ukrainian social educator and public fiure Sofi Rusova (1856–1940). Rusova incorporated in her pedagogical concept progressive ideas and hypotheses of European and world classics of the education theory as well as Ukrainian and foreign teaching experience under existing historical, social and economic conditions. She studied objective laws and patterns of society, nature, individuals, peculiarities of nations, their world view and level of culture which enabled her to clearly defie the purpose and content of preschool and school-age children’s education. The most important principles of her pedagogical concept include humanism, democracy, national spirit, nature-friendly attitude, cultural conformity, personality-oriented approach, and social predestination of education. At the centre of her concept Rusova placed a child with its congenital inclinations, abilities, and capabilities.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest problemom wychowania dzieci w ujęciu ukraińskiej pedagog, społecznej i edukacyjnej działaczki Sofii Rusovej (1856 – 1940). Swą pedagoiczną koncepcję oparła na innowacyjnych ideach, wnioskach oraz tezach klasyków europejskiej i światowej myśli pedagogicznej, a także na cennej ukraińskiej i zagranicznej praktyce edukacyjnej, z uwzględnieniem historycznych i społeczno-gospodarczych uwarunkowań. W oparciu o głębokie studium obiektywnie istniejących praw i modeli rozwoju społeczeństwa, natury, jednostek, specyfiki narodu, jego światopoglądu, poziomu rozwoju kultury, Rusowa uzasadniała swą koncepcję pedagogiczną i definiowała cel i treść kształcenia dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym i szkolnym. Według tej koncepcji najważniejszymi zasadami są: humanizm, demokracja, duch narodowy, postawa przyjazna naturze, wrastanie w kulturę, podejście zorientowane na osobowość oraz społeczne uwarunkowanie wychowania. W samym centrum swej koncepcji usytuowała dzieci z ich wrodzonymi skłonnościami, umiejętnościami i zdolnościami.
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