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EN
Managing a business is a great challenge that requires the owners, shareholders, or employees themselves to enormous effort and commitment. These companies have encountered a number of problems throughout their operation. Among the most important ones are the problems related to financing the business. At present, a very large percentage of companies use not only their own funds in financing their activities, but also involve foreign funds, among which the most common choice is bank credit. The purpose of this article is to indicate the importance of bank credit financing in business management. This article presents the results of research conducted on enterprises from the SME sector in the group 1210, which are intended to indicate the importance of financing the bank’s source of business activity in Poland.
EN
In view of increasing health care costs, which is a result of the growing demands of the public to have access to the latest medical technologies, which are very expensive, and by the systematic aging of the population, it is necessary to initiate health care reforms in terms of its financing. One of the proposed methods of reforms is public - private partnership or partial transfer of responsibility for the health from the public institutions to the private ones while maintaining adequate control of the state. Public-private partnership is a partnership between the public sector and the private sector consisting of tasks that have been traditionally delivered by the public sector. This cooperation increases the efficiency of public services through the use of private sector experience and builds up savings when compared to the performance of the same tasks only by a public body.
EN
The article presents the concept of financing of SMEs in the process of internationalization. Indicated changes in the financing of the strategy as a result of the internationalization of business, long-term goals and internationalized activities of SMEs, presented determinants shaping strategy and internationalized business financing. An important part of the study is to present scenarios internationalized corporate finance division, depending on the adopted instrument of internationalization.
EN
Expenditures on innovation activity can be analysed by type of activity and sources of their financing. The aim of this paper is to identify the changes in financing of innovation in manufacturing companies based on data from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. Findings suggest that changes in sources of funding impact the types of investments.
PL
Autorzy przeanalizowali źródła finansowania przedsiębiorstw w Polsce, starając się ustalić na ile ich charakterystyki oraz sytuacja makroekonomiczna wpływały na strukturę tego finansowania. Przedmiotem zainteresowania autorów były dwie grupy badawcze: jedna, która obejmowała ogół podmiotów gospodarczych, mająca stanowić tło do analizy drugiej, którą był sektor spółek giełdowych.
EN
The subject of the article are the sources of enterprises financing in terms of internal and external sources. At the starting point the view was adopted that the companies with significant involvement of equity are more resistant to economic downturn. The authors aimed to examine so recognized structure of enterprises financing in Poland in 2005-2008, so during the accumulation of the causes of global economic crisis. Therefore the necessary classification of enterprises was performed and appropriate for chosen purposes of research statistical methods were used. As a result, the theory of relatively large share of internal sources in financing polish enterprises was proven. This gives a basis for expressing the view that this factor significantly contributed during the analyzed period to stabilize the real economy sphere in Poland. (original abstract)
EN
Financing of innovative business activities at early stages of their development is an extremely important condition of their growth. Start-ups, facing limited access to the formal capital market, look for an alternative. This is the informal market of capital investors, venture capital funds, and increasingly popular crowdfunding. It is the objective of this paper to analyse and evaluate sources of financing for innovative start-ups.(original abstract)
EN
An important factor of regional market integration of passenger in Poland to the European market are issues related to transportation funding and shaping the development of this market in accordance with the requirements of the European Union. These issues concern, among other things, rationalization of public expenditure and to seek new solutions to funding the development of regional passenger market, ie private investment funds, EU funds, etc., also make better use of development policy instruments to improve the absorption of funds from European Union funds The subject of discussion is to discuss sources of financing regional passenger transport in Poland and analysis of the use of public and EU funds in the years 2004-2010 to shape the development of this market in the process of integration with the European market.
PL
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja ostatnich zmian, jakie zaszły w obszarze finansowania systemów gwarantowania depozytów w Unii Europejskiej. Są one efektem nowych regulacji prawnych przyjętych na poziomie Wspólnoty, a wynikają z potrzeby zapewnienia stabilnych źródeł finansowania systemów. Efektem zmian ma być umożliwienie gwarantom depozytów realizacji ich dwóch podstawowych celów: ochrony deponentów i przyczyniania się do zapewnienia stabilności systemu finansowego.
EN
The aim of this article is to present recent changes that take place in the issue of deposit guarantee schemes funding mechanism in EU. These are motivated by the new regulations within EU and the need for providing a stable funding for the schemes, so they can achieve their main goals: depositor protection and contribution to maintaining the stability of financial system.
EN
In the article the Author analyzes the question of the R&D funds from abroad, considering the role of this funds in the total R&D and business R&D in selected countries. In the second part it outlines the problem of the R&D expenditures of the foreign affiliates of the TNCs, presenting the benefits and costs of this type of the R&D financing.
EN
The aim of the paper is to investigate the structure of health care financing systems in OECD countries. In the theoretical part the following areas of health care financing are discussed: fund collection, fund pooling and provider reimbursement. The empirical part analyses trends in health care expenditures and institutional arrangements in health care financing in OECD countries. Health care financing systems in these countries vary in terms of financing sources, fund and risk pooling mechanisms as well as reimbursement systems. Though, reforming processes in the last decades leads to convergence of health care financing arrangements.
PL
Celem artykułu jest określenie możliwości rozwoju finansowania opartego na mechanizmach rynkowych w sektorze ekonomii społecznej. Realizacji postawionego celu posłużyło zaprezentowanie czynników determinujących dostęp podmiotów społecznych do potencjalnych źródeł kapitału oraz struktury finansowania przedsiębiorczości społecznej w Polsce. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na działalność społecznych instytucji finansowych, funduszy pożyczkowych i poręczeniowych, a także nowe programy wsparcia na bazie instrumentów inżynierii finansowej. Możliwości wykorzystania instrumentów rynkowych w finansowaniu sektora ekonomii społecznej zostały zidentyfikowane i przedstawione w ujęciu analizy SWOT. (abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
This article discusses determinants of access for social enterprises to potential sources of capital and financing structure of social entrepreneurship in Poland. Particular attention was paid to activity of social finance institution, loan and guarantee funds, as well as new support programs based on financial engineering instruments. The possibility of applying market-based instruments in the financing of the social economy sector have been identified and described in terms of a SWOT analysis. (original abstract)
EN
The article presents the private equity and venture capital funds. The paper particularly emphasizes their impact on small and medium-sized companies. The structure of the paper underlines the influence of private equity and venture capital funds on economic growth.
EN
The system of financing political parties in Poland is based on the principle of budgetary subsidy. Commonly criticised, the system underwent a change in 2011, which meant a 50 % decrease in the subsidy. The change was received positively by the general public, although the system requires further reforms. They might evolve in three directions, namely: 1. eradication of subsidy and considering political parties private enterprises, 2. replacing the already existing system with the so - called targeted subsidies, 3. introducing 1 % deduction from the income tax of the citizens. In the Polish political conditions, connected with the present majority electoral law, targeted subsidies seem to be the most effective solution, though. There are many such examples in this area in other European Union countries.
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