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Cooperation with Asian States as Way of Implementation of the Foreign Policy Priorities of South Sudan

100%
Moroz Y. M., Domochko M.
Historia i Polityka
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2015
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issue 14(21)
85-90
EN
The article discusses the foreign policy priorities of the Republic of South Sudan in cooperation with Asian states; it provides a comprehensive study of ways of their implementation, focuses on the interests of the countries and the possible benefits of bilateral cooperation. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive study of the implementation of foreign policy priorities of South Sudan in cooperation with Asian states.
2
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The Historical and religious conditions of the split of Sudan in the context of Christian-Muslim relationships

94%
Cisło W.
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
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2014
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vol. 4
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issue 1
PL
The split into the predominantly Muslim Northern Sudan, and Southern Sudan with a Christian and animist majority, had been emerging in the course of many centuries. Without any doubt, one is bound to mention the natural and geographical boundaries, the ethnical diversity of the regions, the influence exercised during the centuries by the Egyptians, Arabs and later on by the British. According to the opinions of some experts on the subject, there can be two distinct matters that have contributed to the split of the North and the South. These were education and religion. Apart from education, also the issue of religion was dividing the Sudan. After the declaration of independence on January 1, 1954 all the Christian private schools in the South were closed down. There remained only state schools with Arabic as the language of instruction and with the upbringing model based on the Koran teaching. Having obtained political independence, the fears of the British administration and Christian missionaries became a reality: Islam was made the state religion. The only way to attain an occupational and social status was to convert to Islam. Frequently, this took place according to the rule of an already accomplished fact or by pressure. In the context of Sudan, one of the biggest country in Africa, with its population of over 37 million, made up of 70 per cent Muslim believers , 14 per cent of Christians, and 12 per cent of animists, it is of great importance for the perception of fundamentalism to be familiar with the history of this country.
3
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From humanitarian to development aid. A case study of the activities of the Aid to the Church in Need Pontifical Foundation.

84%
Boguszewski M.
Polish Journal of Political Science
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2019
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vol. 5
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issue 4
117-133
EN
The description of the mission and activities of the international NGO organization Aid to the Church in Need (ACN) should be seen as an example of humanitarian, pastoral and development aid. The presented data gives a picture of the needs, but also shows that behind each of the projects there are specific stories of disadvantaged people. Reflecting on the activities and specific projects of the ACN Foundation allows us to conclude that one organization, even with an international reach, is not able to solve all the world’s problems, but it can certainly show the world a picture of needs in many of its regions. The study is part of the research into the areas of humanitarian aid, religious problems in the world, the impact of the papal aid organization on the development of social and religious life, volunteering and the integral development of local communities. The source data used in this text is the Foundation’s internal 2019 data. Two selected countries, Lebanon and South Sudan are representative countries supported by ACN. The selected aid projects illustrate the scale of the aid and can be used to draw a picture of the needs. This example of ACN activities contributes to further research into the state of aid, the identification of aid needs and aid effectiveness in different regions of the world. The presented data may also inspire even greater solidarity between nations in mutual aid and may inspire other aid organizations to increase their involvement in aid in the indicated regions.
4
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Determinants of the Participation of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations Mission in South Sudan

84%
Jureńczyk Ł.
Przegląd Strategiczny
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2021
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issue 14
457-469
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza i ocena determinantów udziału Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej w Misji Narodów Zjednoczonych w Sudanie Południowym. Pierwsza część artykułu ukazuje tło zaangażowania chińskiej armii w państwach sudańskich, a druga część specyfikę jej zaangażowania w UNMISS. Dwie kolejne części dotyczą odpowiednio politycznych, militarnych i strategicznych oraz gospodarczych powodów zaangażowania się Chin w tę misję. Problem badawczy zawiera się w pytaniu jakie były najważniejsze determinanty zaangażowania Chin w misję ONZ w Sudanie Południowym? Hipoteza artykułu zakłada, że główną determinantą z angażowania była ochrona interesów gospodarczych Chin w Sudanie Południowym i w Afryce Wschodniej. Ponadto, poprzez aktywność w misjach pokojowych ONZ Chiny chcą wzmacniać tę organizację i kreować wizerunek państwa odpowiedzialnego za utrzymanie międzynarodowego pokoju i bezpieczeństwa. Chińskiej armii zależy również na zdobywaniu doświadczeń w misjach ekspedycyjnych, aby zwiększać zdolność działań militarnych na odległych teatrach. W artykule skorzystano z metody analizy źródeł tekstowych.
EN
The purpose of the paper is to analyze and assess the determinants of the participation of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations Mission in South Sudan. The first part of the paper presents the background of the Chinese army’s involvement in the Sudanese states, and the second part shows the specificity of its involvement in UNMISS. The next two parts deal, respectively, with political, military and strategic, and economic determinants of China’s involvement in this mission. The research problem is contained in the question what were the most important determinants of China’s involvement in the UN Mission in South Sudan? The hypothesis of the paper assumes that the main deterimnant of the involvement was the protection of China’s economic interests in South Sudan and East Africa. In addition, by being active in UN peacekeeping missions, China wants to strengthen this organization and create the image of the state responsible for maintaining international peace and security. The Chinese army is also interested in gaining experience in expeditionary mission to increase the ability of military operations in distant theaters. The method of text source analysis was used in the paper.
5
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Południowy Sudan: droga do niepodległości i bieżące problemy bezpieczeństwa

84%
Brylonek M.
Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy
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2019
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issue 3(32)
PL
Południowy Sudan: droga do niepodległości i bieżące problemy bezpieczeństwa
EN
South Sudan belongs to the youngest states in the world, but at the same time to the poorest. Its case regarding people’s eagerness for independence should by all means be treated as an exceptional example of fight for freedom and sovereignty. The territory of former Sudan state for centuries has been inhabited by two distinct social societies. The north was inhabited by the immigrant population of Arab origin practising Islam, while the south was inhabited by black indigenous people, practicing various tribal beliefs. Co-functioning of the two so distinct ethnic groups at the territory of one state turned out to be a real challenge. The oppressed and harassed southern population never surrendered under the northern regime and in July 2011, after many years of fight, they gained coveted independence. However, the unrests and skirmishes did not stop. Moreover, conflicts broke out among the tribes of Southern Sudan. In spite of continuous efforts by Southern Sudanese authorities and considerable international assistance, a lot still needs to be done before favourable conditions for the local communities are created. The government can still count on aid from international, non-governmental organizations and single states, nevertheless they need to fulfil a number of requirements for the provided assistance to bring measurable effects aimed at increasing the pace of the conducted reforms
6
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Rozwój chrześcijaństwa na terenie Sudanu i Sudanu Południowego. Geneza dążeń niepodległościowych

84%
Dudek K.
Nurt SVD
|
2013
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issue 2
134-149
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza poszczególnych etapów rozwoju chrześcijaństwa na terenie dzisiejszego Sudanu i Sudanu Południowego (od VI wieku), jego relacji z islamem i roli, jaką religia ta odegrała w dążeniach niepodległościowych. Sudan Południowy – najmłodsze państwo na kuli ziemskiej – jest specyficznym przykładem korelacji czynników religijno-politycznych i etniczno-narodowych. Splot tych uwarunkowań najpierw wywołał wojnę domową, a potem doprowadził do powstania nowego państwa w wyniku oderwania się chrześcijańskiego południa od islamskiej północnej części kraju. Autorka poświęca wiele uwagi relacjom chrześcijańsko-islamskim, które rywalizują ze sobą nie tylko na płaszczyźnie religijnej, ale wyznaczają granice tożsamości etnicznej plemion pochodzenia arabskiego i tym, których korzenie sięgają na południe od Sahary.
EN
This article aims to analyse the various stages of the development of Christianity in what is now Sudan and South Sudan (from the 6th century), its relationship with Islam and the role that religion has played in the quest for independence. South Sudan – the world’s youngest country – is a specific example of the correlation of religious and political as well as ethnic and minorities factors. A combination of these conditions caused first a civil war and then led to the creation of the new state as a result of a detachment of the Christian South from the Islamic North of the country. The present author devotes much attention to the Christian-Muslim relations, which compete with each other not only in religious terms, but set limits on the ethnic identity of Arab tribes and on those whose roots lie to the south of the Sahara.
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