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EN
The significance and propagation of Spanish in the Czech Lands grew in the 16th and 17th centuries. Thanks to the political state of affairs and the dynasticties in place, it was spoken in the court sphere as well as among family members of certain aristocratic families and it was disseminated in communication among the Catholic elites. Its use is on record in official and personal correspondence as well as in journal entries. There is an abundance of books in Spanish in Bohemian and Moravian libraries – both secular and ecclesiastic. Most of them were printed abroad (in Spain, but also in Portugal, Italy and the Netherlands), though some were printed in Prague. Closer investigation has shown that Bohemian-Spanish contacts were more plentiful in concrete cases than was generally adjudged. For this reason, more research is necessary, particularly in the noble families’ archives and in the collections of printed books. Jan Amos Comenius was born into and lived in this environment and although he himself was determined by his non-Catholic religious orientation and his subsequent exile, he also manifested a marked interest in the Spanish and Spanish-American world and its languages. This may be seen in his Janua linguarum, a creative adaptation of a linguistic work by Irish Jesuits, which was published in Salamanca, Spain, in 1611.
PL
W literaturze starożytnej obecne są dwa, biegunowo odmienne, motywy podania o Cyklopie: epicki, znany z IX ks. Odysei, przywołany później i poddany modyfikacji przez Eurypidesa w dramacie satyrowym Cyklop oraz liryczno-erotyczny spopularyzowany przez Teokryta w XI sielance, Skargi Cyklopa. Wersję Teokryta rozbudował Owidiusz w XIII ks. Metamorfoz. Pomostem między obydwoma wariantami mitycznymi jest tzw. dytyramb Filoksenosa z Kytery. Mit Polifema, głównie w postaci, jaką nadał mu Owidiusz, przewija się przez hiszpański wiek XVI aż do początku kolejnego stulecia, znajdując wielu naśladowców i tłumaczy. Pod koniec XVI wieku sięga do niego również Lope de Vega w powieści pasterskiej La Arcadia (1598), nadając mu formę tradycyjnej hiszpańskiej strofy romance. Mit stanowi odbicie historii będącej przedmiotem narracji, wzbogacając powieść o elementy perspektywy autobiograficznej. W Fábula de Polifemo (1612) Luisa de Góngory mit ulega całkowitej transformacji. W jego interpretacji przeważają barokowe kontrasty i hiperbola. Struktura dzieła oparta jest na zbieżności przeciwieństw: potworności Polifema i piękna Galatei. Mit staje się też okazją do transpozycji koncepcji piękna, wywodzącej się od petrarkizmu: obserwować można dominantę planu metaforycznego, zastępującego elementy rzeczywistości.
EN
In my paper I examine a literary work, virtually unknown, of the Spanish journalist, writer and liberal politician of the late nineteenth century, Nilo Fabra, who builds an imaginary story with the background of the island of Crete. He describes the situation of the island during the period, in which Crete is going to be liberated from the Ottomans by the Western powers. The writer uses the dialogue between a well-known personality of the ancient Crete and an occasional traveller to describe allegorically the moment in which the events take place and its relationship with the past times of the island.
EN
This article tries to unveil one of the great enigmas of Kafka studies, namely, the identity of the author of the first translation of The Metamorphosis into a foreign language. Indeed, in 1925 the Revista de Occidente published a Spanish version of Kafka’s famous novella, a translation that was 3 years ahead of the first French version and 12 years ahead of the first English version. The author of this translation, which helped to make Kafka’s work known throughout Europe and also in America, has remained unknown until now, despite the most diverse attributions, from Margarita Nelken to Jorge Luis Borges. We try to demonstrate, through solid contextual and textual arguments, that the only possible author of this pioneering translation, still valid today, is the Galician Ramón María Tenreiro.
EN
The literary history of the question: “Art for art’s sake” in Europe and, more specifically, in Spain, is the subject of the book by Roberto Mansberger Amorós entitled La Joven Europa y España: la cuestión de «el arte por el arte» (Young Europe and Spain: the question of «art for art’s sake», written in Spanish). The book is composed of six chapters, along with the introduction, conclusion, extensive bibliography and index of names. The chapters focused on the general history of the idea alternate with those dedicated to the particular writers and thinkers. Chapter 1 presents the theory of “art for art’s sake,” its origin and progress. Chapter 2 introduces the subject of Young Europe, with the focus on Young Poland and Young Spain. Chapter 3 is an extensive digression about the subject of morals in Spanish 19th century literature, aesthetics, ethics and critics. Chapter 4 studies the individual stances of Valera and Campoamor, whereas chapter 5 undertakes the issue of the Decadent movement and the Restoration. The sixth and final chapter describes the poetry and the poets related to the concept “art for art’s sake.” The uniqueness of the book rests on the combination of the balanced analyses of literary sources and original period documents and archival material of Real Academia Española concerning the issues of art and morals, along with a reflection about the historical, philosophical and ideological context of the matter. Since this kind of profound knowledge united with the ability to write both persuasively and interestingly is rare, the book by Mansberger Amorós is an enlightening reading experience not only for specialists on the topic, but also for all those interested in the history of Spanish literature and ideas.
EN
The Portrait of Lozana: The Lusty Andalusian Woman (Retrato de la Lozana andaluza), an important piece of 16th-century Spanish prose, was anonymously published by Francisco Delicado in Venice around the year 1530, but the only known copy was discovered in the middle of the 19th century in Vienna. Over the next hundred and fifty years this literary curiosity gradually became recognized as an integral part of the Spanish literary canon. Still, the modern reception of The Portrait of Lozana is characterized by the absence of a generally accepted consensus respecting its meaning and intention. There have been basically two main interpretations. The first one conceives it reductively as a realistic work with a moral purpose, whereas the other treats it more adequately in a symbolic and ludic manner.
EN
This article deals with the role of the literary topos of the city and its importance in the Ramón Gómez de la Serna’s novels. According to the Daniela Hodrová’s typology we attempt to demonstrate, through the analysis of some novels, that the Serna’s city is specified as “the city-subjec”. The author personifies the city and he fuses the soul of novel’s heroes with the local atmosphere. The protagonists are united themselves with the place and ambient, that are influenced by its attitude and the personality. We distinguished two main conceptions of the city in Serna’s works: “a modern city” and “a city-refugium” and their modalities. The modern city is characterized by its ambivalence: it offers an attractive and adventurous modern lifestyle, on the other hand it shows an existential chaos and dehumanization. As opposed to the topos of “the modern city” appears the topos of “the city-refugium” characterized by the historical memory and mythical tradition.
EN
In addition to the resources made available by the Galician and Portuguese Philology unit of the University of Salamanca, the new corpus of Spanish-Portuguese Literature of the Fundación Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, led by José Miguel Martínez-Torrejón (Queens College CUNY), provides researchers and university students open access to a wide catalogue of Portuguese authors who wrote their literary works in Spanish between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as a bibliographical database concerning a generally unknown area of peninsular literature.
ES
En complemento a los recursos disponibilizados por el área de Filología Gallega y Portuguesa de la Universidad de Salamanca, el nuevo corpus de Literatura Hispano-Portuguesa de la Fundación Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, dirigido por José Miguel Martínez-Torrejón (Queens College CUNY), ofrece a investigadores y estudiantes universitarios acceso abierto a un amplio catálogo de autores portugueses que escribieron su obra literaria en lengua castellana entre los siglos XVI y XVII y una base de referencias bibliográficas sobre un área generalmente desconocida en el ámbito de las letras peninsulares.
ES
El presente artículo recoge las primeras conclusiones de un programa experimental desarrollado en el liceo XXII José Martí de Varsovia durante el curso 2013-14 para analizar el impacto del uso significativo de la música moderna en la enseñanza de la literatura española dentro de un contexto de Español como Lengua Extranjera. En el marco de esta investigación se han enseñado contenidos literarios de métrica, temática y retórica durante cuarenta lecciones, a dos grupos de similares características pero de forma diferenciada. En uno de ellos, denominado de control, se ha utilizado un programa didáctico convencional, mientras que en el otro grupo, denominado experimental, se han estudiado los mismos contenidos literarios, pero a partir de canciones elegidas según los gustos de los alumnos y la relación con los contenidos curriculares. De esta forma se pueden comparar las diferencias en el proceso de aprendizaje y los resultados entre ambos grupos.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia wnioski wyciągnięte na podstawie eksperymentalnego projektu przeprowadzonego w XXII Liceum im. José Martí w Warszawie w czasie lekcji, które miały miejsce w roku szkolnym 2013-2014. Celem ww. projektu była analiza zasadności zastosowania nowoczesnej muzyki w nauczaniu literatury hiszpańskiej na lekcjach języka hiszpańskiego jako obcego. W ramach tego eksperymentu w ciągu 40 lekcji przekazano dwóm podobnym do siebie grupom uczniów treści literackie o charakterze metrycznym, tematycznym i retorycznym. Należy podkreślić, że przekaz ww. treści był odmienny. W jednej z grup, nazwanej „kontrolną”, został zastosowany tradycyjny program dydaktyczny, podczas gdy w drugiej grupie, nazwanej „eksperymentalną”, przekazano te same treści literackie, ale na podstawie piosenek wybranych przez uczniów. W ten sposób można było porównać różnice w procesie uczenia się literatury i efekty tej nauki w obu grupach.
EN
The article presents the conclusions drawn on the basis of experimental project carried out at XXII José Martí Lyceum in Warsaw in the course of classes that took place in the 2013-2014 school year. An aim of the said project was to analyse the reasonability of application of modern music in teaching Spanish literature during the lessons of Spanish as a foreign language. Within the framework of this experiment, during 40 lessons, the two similar groups of pupils received literary contents of the metric, thematic and rhetoric nature. It must be emphasised that conveyance of the said contents was different. In one of the groups, called the ‘control’ one, there was used the traditional didactic programme, whereas in the second group, called ‘experimental’, there were conveyed the same literary contents but based on the songs chosen by pupils. Thus, it was possible to compare differences in the process of learning literature and effects of that learning in both groups.
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