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Wokół willi w Olesinie

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EN
The designs of the garden residence of Stanisław Kostka Potocki at Olesin, raised in 1782, but no longer extant, are analysed. The dating and provenance of the villa forms are ascertained, with detailed references made to the opinions of other scholars.
PL
Zwolennicy idei oświecenia, poddając racjonalnej krytyce otaczającą ich rzeczywistość, dokonali gruntownych przeobrażeń we wszystkich dziedzi­nach życia. Nie oznaczało to jednak, że owe idee i przeobrażenia zyskały powszechną akceptację. Ich przeciwnicy, rozwijając nurt kontroświecenia, zamiast oświeceniowego postępu dostrzegali głęboki upadek i demorali­zację. Krytycznie postrzegając nowoczesność, pytali o arbitralność rozumu ludzkiego, o koncepcję natury człowieka, o jego moralność, odpowiedzi udzielając z pozycji apologetów chrześcijaństwa. Dlatego też w dobie Kró­lestwa Polskiego rodzimi antyoświeceniowcy wytrwale zwalczali osiemna­stowieczną filozofię, występując przeciwko temu wszystkiemu, co uznali za szkodliwe dla współczesności i religii. Modelowym wręcz przykładem zmagań reprezentantów przeciw­stawnych formacji ideowych była polemika o. Karola Surowieckiego z mini­strem Stanisławem Kostką Potockim. Ukształtowany w epoce racjonalizmu działający według założeń oświecenia minister był symbolem rozumo­wych przemian w Rzeczpospolitej drugiej połowy XVIII w. Po drugiej stronie światopoglądowej barykady stał o. Surowiecki, antyoświeceniowo nastawiony franciszkanin-reformat, który zaciekle bronił Kościoła i religii. Ich polemiczne starcie doskonale obrazowało, jak bardzo prezentowane przez nich myślowe światy nie przystawały do siebie.
EN
By criticizing the world around them, the supporters of the idea of Enli- ghtenment brought about profound transformations in all areas of life. This did not mean, however, that such ideas and transformations gained widespread acceptance. On the contrary, their opponents, who saw decli- ne and demoralization in lieu of ‘enlightenment', developed the Counter- -Enlightenment movement. Critically perceiving modernity, they asked questions about the arbitrariness of human reason, the concept of human nature and human morality, giving answers from the position of Christian apologists. Therefore in the period of the Kingdom of Poland, the Polish anti-Enlightenment movement persevered against eighteenth-century philosophy, opposing everything they considered harmful to modernity and religion. A perfect example of the struggle between representatives of hosti- le ideological factions was the polemics between Father Karol Surowiecki and Stanisław Kostka Potocki, minister of the Kingdom. Educated in the age of reason and following the assumptions of the Enlightenment, the mi­nister was a symbol of the rational changes in the Second Polish Republic in the second half of the 18th century. On the other side of the barricade stood Father Surowiecki, an anti-Enlightenment Franciscan reformer, fier- cely defending the Church and religion. Their clash perfectly illustrated the incompatibility of their intellectual worlds.
EN
The article presents the use of illusion and vision in the literature and culture of the Enlightenment on the example of the play "Umarły żyjący, czyli Diabeł Włoski" by Stanisław Kostka Potocki, and the first volume of the "Diary" by Anna Potocka from Tyszkiewicz family. It analyses special effects used in the theatre and described in these texts, as well as their motives present in the character of an astrologer and illuminatus inspired by the person of Alessandro Cagliostro. The phenomena of the masquerade and mystification shown here were a popular entertainment of the eighteenth-century aristocracy, and a tool serving fraudsters to reach the target, as well as a weapon used by muckrakes.
EN
The museum established in the Wilanów residence by Stanisław Kostka Potocki was the first art museum in Poland. Today, on the bicentenary of the death of its founder, we reflect upon the activities and prospects for research on Potocki's legacy conducted with the participation of the Museum of King Jan III's Palace at Wilanów. In 2014, in cooperation with the Winckelmann Society, the Museum initiated the project “Johann Joachim Winckelmann i/und Stanisław Kostka Potocki. Nowe badania i dokumenty/Neue Forschungen und Dokumente”, aimed at studying the influence of Winckelmann's works on art collecting in Central Europe, including the activity of Stanisław Kostka Potocki. As part of the project, a German translation of Potocki's most important work, O sztuce u dawnych, czyli Winkelman Polski, has been published. The popularisation of Potocki's output is also carried out by way of organising numerous scientific conferences and publishing studies on his literary legacy (cf. O spuściźnie literackiej Stanisława Kostki Potockiego. Studia i szkice), political activity (M. Getka-Kenig, Stanisław Kostka Potocki. Studium magnackiej kariery w dobie upadku i “wskrzeszenia” Polski), the ways of developing his collection of works of art, as well as the stories of individual objects therein, such as the image of the Salvator Mundi by Leonardo da Vinci or the portrait of Stanisław Kostka Potocki by Jacques-Louis David. At the same time, research is being carried out on Potocki's collection itself, as well as on his manuscripts and letters. The results of this research are presented in the form of exhibitions organised by the Museum (“Leonardiana in Polish Collections”) and numerous articles published in Wilanów Studies. The profound change, currently underway, of the profile of both the permanent and temporary exhibitions in the interiors of the Wilanów Palace aims to emphasise the significance of the Enlightenment idea of collecting as practised by Stanisław Kostka Potocki. The section of the exhibition on the first floor of the palace, presenting the art collecting achievements of the third generation of the Potocki family in Wilanów, will be made available to the public in 2022.
EN
The life of Stanisław Kostka Potocki (1755-1821), one of the luminaries of the Polish Enlightenment, a long-time politician and public official, as well as a scholar and patron of the arts, has attracted the attention of many scholars. The first biographical essays on Potocki were provided by Stanisław Staszic and Franciszek Maksymilian Sobieszczański still in the nineteenth century, followed by Stanisław Krzemiński in the 1900s. These texts focused especially on Potocki's contribution to the enlightened reform of Polish education during the Duchy of Warsaw and Congress Poland. However, it was only after the Second World War that Potocki's life became the focus of more wide-ranging and intense research, spearheaded by such scholars as Emil Kipa or Juliusz Starzyński and Stanisław Lorentz. Paradoxically, it was the communist fascination with the Enlightenment that fostered the growing academic interest in Potocki's manifold contributions to art, archaeology, literature, as well as the state administration of religion. Nowadays, the bibliography of his life is quite rich and clearly dominated by art-historical and literary studies, in recent years promoted by the Museum of King Jan III's Palace at Wilanów. However, there is still no book-size biography presenting an analysis that would go beyond mere biographical entries.
EN
The article recalls the role of Vienna as an art collecting centre in the 18th and 19th century and thus a place well known to both Princess Izabela Lubomirska - the Lubomirski family had a residence there, the so-called Lubomirski Schlösschen, since the 1790s - and to her outstanding son-in-law, Count Stanisław Kostka Potocki, husband of her daughter Aleksandra née Lubomirska. Their frequent visits to the capital of the Empire were connected with purchases of artworks for the Wilanów museum collection, and their contacts with a circle of artists and collectors in Italy are confirmed by many extant documents. The Habsburg collections, the reform of artistic education launched by Empress Maria Theresa, various models of collection-gathering, an interest in the ideas of Johann Joachim Winckelmann, and the art collection and library of Carl Gottard Firmian held in Milan, with which Princess Lubomirska and Count and Countess Potocki were familiar; all this provided them with unquestionable inspirations in creating the Wilanów museum.
EN
Comprehensive work on the history of nineteenth-century biographical texts has not been written yet and if it had, it would have to include the laudatory biographies practiced by Warsaw’s Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk (Society of Friends of Arts and Sciences). An extensive collection of them can be found in their yearbooks. This article’s object of interest is Pochwała Józefa Szymanowskiego [Praise of Józef Szymanowski] by Stanisław Kostka Potocki, which was oftentimes cited as an example of exorbitant rhetoric in the past. Widely w Knidos [Venus temple in Knidos] casts shadow on TPN’s entire biographical work. The critics of the aforementioned Pochwała Józefa Szymanowskiego completely overlooked a substantial part of it which could be recognized as the founding story of the organization conceived in the Prussian part of the partitioned Poland; one that was taking its first shaky steps in uncertain times when the situation in Europe and the rest of the world was changing on a daily basis. commented unearned praise of the translation of Świątynia Wenery w Knidos [Venus temple in Knidos] casts shadow on TPN’s entire biographical work. The critics of the aforementioned Pochwała Józefa Szymanowskiego completely overlooked a substantial part of it which could be recognized as the founding story of the organization conceived in the Prussian part of the partitioned Poland; one that was taking its first shaky steps inuncertain times when the situation in Europe and the rest of the world was changing on a daily basis.changing on a daily basis.
EN
One part of the collection of the Museum of King Jan III's Palace at Wilanów is a set of interior decorations removed during restoration works in 1955-1962. It consists of eight panels from Locci's 2nd Room, concealed door from the Anteroom and a panel from the ceiling of the King's Sons' Room. Using the documentation from the restoration process and archival photographs, it proved possible to reconstruct the exact look of the decorations. The original idea to arrange the Chinese Apartment on the first lfoor of the Wilanów Palace is traditionally attributed to Stanisław Kostka Potocki, and the oldest inventory describing it was compiled in 1832. Intended as exposition space, the interiors were decorated in concordance with the collection displayed in each room, including, among others, paintings, woodblock prints, ceramics and lacquered objects. Currently a new permanent exhibition is being prepared in the corridor by the Chinese and Hunting Rooms in the southern wing of the palace. It will tell the history of the Apartment and the historical collection of Oriental art.
PL
W 1786 roku Stanisław Kostka Potocki wraz z Izabelą [Elżbietą] Lubomirską przebywali w Królestwie Neapolu, gdzie Potocki prowadził wykopaliska archeologiczne w miejscowości Nola. Miasto to, w przeszłości podlegające jurysdykcji Władysława IV Wazy, w XVIII wieku było dobrze znane mieszkańcom Rzeczpospolitej nie tylko z historycznych przekazów, lecz także jako cel coraz liczniejszych wypraw, w ramach których poszukiwano cennych attyckich waz. Stanisław Kostka Potocki do Noli wyruszył z Neapolu. Niedługą podróż oraz pierwsze wrażenia dotyczące zarówno krajobrazu, jak i dostrzeżonych na miejscu ruin, opisywał zgodnie z ówczesną konwencją literatury podróżniczej w swoim – niedokończonym – rękopiśmiennym dzienniku podróży Voyage de Nola. Rozczarowanie Potockiego widokiem współczesnego miasta Nola, które zachowało jedynie część dawnej świetności, porównywalne jest z doświadczeniem innych europejskich arystokratów odwiedzających wówczas włoskie miasta, w tym Anny Potockiej, synowej Stanisława Kostki. Artykuł przedstawia znaczenie Noli jako stanowiska archeologicznego w omawianym okresie, a przede wszystkim rysuje tło wizyty Potockiego oraz czynniki, które składały się na jego złożoną ocenę tego miasta.
EN
In 1786, Stanisław Kostka Potocki and Izabela [Elżbieta] Lubomirska stayed in the Kingdom of Naples, where Potocki conducted archaeological excavations in the town of Nola. This city, which in the past lied under the jurisdiction of Władysław IV Vasa, in the 18th century was well known to the inhabitants of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth not only from historical sources, but also as the destination of increasing number of expeditions in search of valuable Attic vases. Stanisław Kostka Potocki travelled to Nola from Naples. The short journey and first impressions of both the landscape and the ruins noticed on the site were described in accordance with the contemporary travel literature convention in his - unfinished - handwritten travel journal Voyage de Nola. Potocki's disappointment with the view of the modern city of Nola, which has only retained some of its former glory, is comparable to the experience of other European aristocrats visiting Italian cities at the time, including Anna Potocka, Stanisław Kostka's daughter-in-law. The article presents the importance of Nola as an archaeological site in the period in question, and, above all, outlines the background of Potocki's visit and the factors that made up his complex assessment of the city.
EN
Norwid’s stay in Florence – the capital of the former Etruria – in the 1840s coincided with the height of European interest in Etruscan culture. In Italy, there were numerous Etruscan museums, mainly private ones, with magnificent collections from excavations. In Europe (Italy, France, Germany and Great Britain) a lot of interesting and usually richly illustrated publications on the Etruscans were published. Norwid could have become familiar with a good selection of these works at the University Library in Berlin, and also in Italy itself. It seems, however, that his Etruscan passion was born in Poland, in the paint shop of Aleksander Kokular. In the Warsaw years, the poet must have visited the magnificent Gallery of Antiquity in Wilanów (where his teacher – Kokular, produced various paintings) and as a “student” of fine arts he had to know the pioneer work (and collections) of S.K. Potocki O sztuce u dawnych, czyli Winckelmann polski, three chapters of the book were devoted to Etruscan art. Not without significance were Norwid’s contacts (domestic and Parisian) with the “Etruscan” collectors: the Potocki, Czartoryski and Działyński families. The Etruscans left their mark both in the notebooks and in the works of the author of Quidam, from his Italian period (which is obvious) to the novel Tajemnica lorda Singelworth written shortly before his death; thus Norwid’s fascination with Etruscan culture and art lasted until the end of his life. Interestingly, the notes also confirm his presence at one of the most recent archaeological sites of that time: in the presumed tomb of the Etruscan ruler Porsenna. All these facts make Norwid one of the few Polish Romantics (alongside J.I. Kraszewski) who were deeply and substantively interested in this archaeological and cultural theme. Norwid’s literary and plastic “Etruscan” works also constitutes an important – equal to the vision of British, Italian and French artists – contribution of the Polish “magician” to saving and preserving the Etruscan heritage in the culture (and awareness) of modern Europe.
EN
The article presents selected issues regarding the current state of the author's knowledge about the provenance and technological structure of three ivory objects from the Wilanów collection, detached from a large set of fragments with a shared inventory number Wil.9/489/84 and the name Koszyczek [Basket]. These exhibits are a very interesting example of ivory objets d'art made by Chinese artisans between the last quarter of the eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century. Unfortunately, they are in a poor condition. The inventory of the set of objects marked as Wil.9/489/84 initiated interdisciplinary conservation research on three openwork ivory objects: Basket I, Basket II w Wilanowie and Basket III (plate). Material and technological analyses were performed. Research on their provenance began in 2011, prior to the launch Studia Wilanowskie of conservation work. The results of the analyses contributed to the recognition of their probable age and place of origin. The research conducted so far has also revealed many interesting aspects, which are currently the subject of further studies.
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PL
Pobyt Norwida we Florencji – stolicy dawnej Etrurii – w latach 40. XIX w. przypadł na apogeum europejskiego zainteresowania kulturą etruską. We Włoszech działały wówczas liczne muzea etruskie, głównie prywatne, posiadające wspaniałe zbiory pochodzące z wykopalisk. W Europie (we Włoszech, Francji, Niemczech i Wielkiej Brytanii) ukazywało się mnóstwo interesujących i zwykle bogato ilustrowanych publikacji na temat Etrusków. Norwid mógł zaznajomić się ze sporym wyborem tych prac w Bibliotece Uniwersyteckiej w Berlinie, a także w samej Italii. Wydaje się wszakże, że jego pasja etruska zrodziła się już w Polsce, w malarni Aleksandra Kokulara. W latach warszawskich poeta zapewne wizytował wspaniałą Galerię starożytności w Wilanowie (gdzie jego nauczyciel – Kokular, wykonywał różne prace malarskie) i jako „student” sztuk pięknych musiał znać pionierskie dzieło (i zbiory) S.K. Potockiego O sztuce u dawnych, czyli Winckelmann polski, którego trzy rozdziały były poświęcone sztuce etruskiej. Nie bez znaczenia były też kontakty Norwida (krajowe i paryskie) z kolekcjonującymi „etruski” rodzinami Potockich, Czartoryskich i Działyńskich. Ślady Etrusków znajdujemy zarówno w notatnikach, jak i w twórczości autora Quidama, od tej z lat włoskich (co oczywiste) aż po przedśmiertną nowelę Tajemnicę lorda Singelworth; fascynacja kulturą i sztuką etruską trwała więc do końca życia Norwida. Co ciekawe, w notatkach zachował się też potwierdzony przez samego poetę ślad jego bytności na jednym z najświeższych stanowisk archeologicznych tamtych czasów: w domniemanym grobowcu etruskiego władcy Porsenny. Wszystkie te fakty czynią Norwida jednym z nielicznych polskich romantyków (obok J.I. Kraszewskiego), którzy byli głęboko i merytorycznie zainteresowani tym archeologiczno-kulturowym tematem. Norwidowskie „etruski” literacko-plastyczne to także ważny, równorzędny wobec wizji artystów brytyjskich, włoskich czy francuskich, wkład polskiego „sztukmistrza” w ocalenie i utrwalenie dziedzictwa Etrusków w kulturze (świadomości) Europy nowożytnej.
EN
Norwid’s stay in Florence – the capital of the former Etruria – in the 1840s coincided with the height of European interest in Etruscan culture. In Italy, there were numerous Etruscan museums, mainly private ones, with magnificent collections from excavations. In Europe (Italy, France, Germany and Great Britain) a lot of interesting and usually richly illustrated publications on the Etruscans were published. Norwid could have become familiar with a good selection of these works at the University Library in Berlin, and also in Italy itself. It seems, however, that his Etruscan passion was born in Poland, in the paint shop of Aleksander Kokular. In the Warsaw years, the poet must have visited the magnificent Gallery of Antiquity in Wilanów (where his teacher – Kokular, produced various paintings) and as a “student” of fine arts he had to know the pioneer work (and collections) of S.K. Potocki O sztuce u dawnych, czyli Winckelmann polski, three chapters of the book were devoted to Etruscan art. Not without significance were Norwid’s contacts (domestic and Parisian) with the “Etruscan” collectors: the Potocki, Czartoryski and Działyński families. The Etruscans left their mark both in the notebooks and in the works of the author of Quidam, from his Italian period (which is obvious) to the novel Tajemnica lorda Singelworth written shortly before his death; thus Norwid’s fascination with Etruscan culture and art lasted until the end of his life. Interestingly, the notes also confirm his presence at one of the most recent archaeological sites of that time: in the presumed tomb of the Etruscan ruler Porsenna. All these facts make Norwid one of the few Polish Romantics (alongside J.I. Kraszewski) who were deeply and substantively interested in this archaeological and cultural theme. Norwid’s literary and plastic “Etruscan” works also constitutes an important – equal to the vision of British, Italian and French artists – contribution of the Polish “magician” to saving and preserving the Etruscan heritage in the culture (and awareness) of modern Europe.
PL
Pobyt Norwida we Florencji – stolicy dawnej Etrurii – w latach 40. XIX w. przypadł na apogeum europejskiego zainteresowania kulturą etruską. We Włoszech działały wówczas liczne muzea etruskie, głównie prywatne, posiadające wspaniałe zbiory pochodzące z wykopalisk. W Europie (we Włoszech, Francji, Niemczech i Wielkiej Brytanii) ukazywało się mnóstwo interesujących i zwykle bogato ilustrowanych publikacji na temat Etrusków. Norwid mógł zaznajomić się ze sporym wyborem tych prac w Bibliotece Uniwersyteckiej w Berlinie, a także w samej Italii. Wydaje się wszakże, że jego pasja etruska zrodziła się już w Polsce, w malarni Aleksandra Kokulara. W latach warszawskich poeta zapewne wizytował wspaniałą Galerię starożytności w Wilanowie (gdzie jego nauczyciel – Kokular, wykonywał różne prace malarskie) i jako „student” sztuk pięknych musiał znać pionierskie dzieło (i zbiory) S.K. Potockiego O sztuce u dawnych, czyli Winckelmann polski, którego trzy rozdziały były poświęcone sztuce etruskiej. Nie bez znaczenia były też kontakty Norwida (krajowe i paryskie) z kolekcjonującymi „etruski” rodzinami Potockich, Czartoryskich i Działyńskich. Ślady Etrusków znajdujemy zarówno w notatnikach, jak i w twórczości autora Quidama, od tej z lat włoskich (co oczywiste) aż po przedśmiertną nowelę Tajemnicę lorda Singelworth; fascynacja kulturą i sztuką etruską trwała więc do końca życia Norwida. Co ciekawe, w notatkach zachował się też potwierdzony przez samego poetę ślad jego bytności na jednym z najświeższych stanowisk archeologicznych tamtych czasów: w domniemanym grobowcu etruskiego władcy Porsenny. Wszystkie te fakty czynią Norwida jednym z nielicznych polskich romantyków (obok J.I. Kraszewskiego), którzy byli głęboko i merytorycznie zainteresowani tym archeologiczno-kulturowym tematem. Norwidowskie „etruski” literacko-plastyczne to także ważny, równorzędny wobec wizji artystów brytyjskich, włoskich czy francuskich, wkład polskiego „sztukmistrza” w ocalenie i utrwalenie dziedzictwa Etrusków w kulturze (świadomości) Europy nowożytnej.
EN
Norwid’s stay in Florence – the capital of the former Etruria – in the 1840s coincided with the height of European interest in Etruscan culture. In Italy, there were numerous Etruscan museums, mainly private ones, with magnificent collections from excavations. In Europe (Italy, France, Germany and Great Britain) a lot of interesting and usually richly illustrated publications on the Etruscans were published. Norwid could have become familiar with a good selection of these works at the University Library in Berlin, and also in Italy itself. It seems, however, that his Etruscan passion was born in Poland, in the paint shop of Aleksander Kokular. In the Warsaw years, the poet must have visited the magnificent Gallery of Antiquity in Wilanów (where his teacher – Kokular, produced various paintings) and as a “student” of fine arts he had to know the pioneer work (and collections) of S.K. Potocki O sztuce u dawnych, czyli Winckelmann polski, three chapters of the book were devoted to Etruscan art. Not without significance were Norwid’s contacts (domestic and Parisian) with the “Etruscan” collectors: the Potocki, Czartoryski and Działyński families. The Etruscans left their mark both in the notebooks and in the works of the author of Quidam, from his Italian period (which is obvious) to the novel Tajemnica lorda Singelworth written shortly before his death; thus Norwid’s fascination with Etruscan culture and art lasted until the end of his life. Interestingly, the notes also confirm his presence at one of the most recent archaeological sites of that time: in the presumed tomb of the Etruscan ruler Porsenna. All these facts make Norwid one of the few Polish Romantics (alongside J.I. Kraszewski) who were deeply and substantively interested in this archaeological and cultural theme. Norwid’s literary and plastic “Etruscan” works also constitutes an important – equal to the vision of British, Italian and French artists – contribution of the Polish “magician” to saving and preserving the Etruscan heritage in the culture (and awareness) of modern Europe.
EN
The article briefly studies the way of perceiving of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence by Polish travellers during the period when the museum was subject to the so-called Enlightenment order. The analysis of memoirs from diaries of the Polish Grand Tour indicates that they were considerably influenced by Italian guidebooks and texts by French travellers, among which the most popular was Voyage d’un français en Italie fait dans années 1765–1766 by Joseph-Jérôme Lalande, who was eagerly referred to and his passages quoted. Realising the scheme of the Uffizi Gallery’s descriptions by Polish travellers, one should not hastily assume they lacked the sense of observation, taste or aesthetic sensitivity, and finally the ability to assess a work of art. An in-depth analysis of Polish notes indicated that enlightened arrivals from the Vistula River could critically relate not only to the text of the guide or the French description mentioned, directly ascertaining: You were not right, Mr Lalande!, but also that they came to Florence prepared for the reception of an artwork and the museum itself. They were primarily interested in newly acquired objects or changes in the exhibition. The picture of a Polish traveller, as it is seen through Polish 18th-century accounts, who notes – frequently remotely – fleeting impressions, but without a doubt, they are perfectly aware of what they are looking at.
PL
Artykuł jest krótkim studium na temat postrzegania florenckiej Galerii Uffizi przez polskich podróżników w czasie gdy muzeum podlegało tzw. oświeceniowym porządkom. Analiza relacji zawartych w pamiętnikach polskiego Grand Tour wskazuje, iż niemały wpływ na ich kształt miały włoskie przewodniki oraz teksty francuskich podróżników, wśród których najbardziej popularnym był Voyage d’un français en Italie fait dans années 1765–1766 Josepha-Jérôme’a Lalande’a, do którego chętnie odwoływano się, cytując wybrane passusy. Dostrzegając schematyzm opisów Galerii Uffizi pozostawiony na kartach relacji polskich podróżników nie należy jednak przyjmować pochopnie tezy o braku u nich zmysłu obserwacji, gustu czy estetycznej wrażliwości, w końcu braku umiejętności oceny dzieła sztuki. Dokładniejszy ogląd polskich notatek wskazuje, iż oświeceni przybysze znad Wisły potrafili odnieść się krytycznie nie tylko do tekstu przewodnika czy wspominanego francuskiego opisu, konstatując wprost: Nie miał racji Pan Lalande!, lecz także, iż przybywali do Florencji przygotowani do odbioru dzieła sztuki, jak i samego muzeum, w którym w pierwszym rzędzie interesowali się nowo pozyskanymi obiektami lub zmianami dokonanymi w ich ekspozycji. Z kart polskich relacji z XVIII w. wyłania się obraz polskiego podróżnika, który notuje – często zdawkowo – przelotne wrażenia, lecz bez wątpienia ma doskonałą świadomość wartości tego, na co patrzy.
Tematy i Konteksty
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2023
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vol. 18
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issue 13
24-40
EN
The author of the article analyses the texts of selected eulogies delivered by the most eminent members of the Warsaw Society of Friends of Sciences: Jan Albertrandi, Stanisław Kostka Potocki, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz and Stanisław Staszic. The subject of his interest is the way each of them approached the problem of freedom, giving laudations (usually in honour of particularly distinguished compatriots) at various moments of the Society’s history – from its beginning, through the period of the Duchy of Warsaw, to the years preceding the outbreak of the November Uprising. However, this is not only about freedom considered in connection with the collapse of the Polish state and the threat to the Polish community, but also about personal freedom,  regarded as something that can be achieved in other spheres of a person’s life than that primarily related to the political situation of the nation they belong to (e.g. in their involvement in the development of science).
EN
This paper attempts to characterise generally the poetic legacy of Stanislaw Kostka Potocki. In several books of the Public Archives of Potocki’s family one can found mainly unpublished poetical works preserved in various forms: autographs, copies controlled by the author and his fair copies or copies made by secretaries. Some of the texts are unfinished, others are carefully refined, however, preserved number of variants and correction versions of concrete works give opportunity to analyse the author’s workshop. First of all, it seems that these are the original texts, although there are many problems associated with their attribution. On the basis of the preserved materials, it can be assumed that Stanislaw Kostka Potocki could have prepared some of his poems for publication.
17
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PL
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie portretu Wojciecha Miera wyłaniającego się z poezji jemu dedykowanych, b ądź zawierających wzmianki o nim. Analizie zostały poddane wiersze Stanisława Kostki Potockiego, Ignacego Potockiego, Wincentego Dunina, Stanisława Trembeckiego oraz poezja anonimowa doby Oświecenia. Zaakcentowane zostały poglądy poetów na umiejętności literackie starościca buskiego, jego talent oraz wybory estetyczne, jakich dokonywał w swoich poezjach. Poruszony został również obraz filozoficznych przekonań W. Miera, jaki został utrwalony w omówionych utworach, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rysu libertyńsko-epikurejskiego jego światopoglądu.
EN
Article’s aim is to present Wojciech Mier’s profi le emerging from poetry dedicated to or mentioning him. Analysed were poems of Stanisław Kostka Potocki, Ignacy Potocki, Wincent Dunin, Stanisław Trembecki and anonymous poetry of Enlightment. Stressed were poets’ views on literary skills of Busko’s starosta’s son, his talent, aesthetic choices made in his poetry. Mentioned were also Mier’s philosophical beliefs perpetuated in elaborated works with particular consideration of libertine-epicureic feature of his world-view.
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