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Profesorowie wydziału prawa i nauk społecznych uniwersytetu Stefana Batorego w Wilnie 1919–1939

100%
Przeniosło M.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2016
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vol. 61
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issue 2
7–32
EN
The Department of Law and Social Sciences was the one most numerously attended by students of the SBU. At the end of the 20s, being the first and the only one, the Department exceeded one thousand students. Despite so many students, it did not have an adequate number of posts for professors (they were created by the state authorities). For example, the SBU in the 1931/1932 academic year had 15 chairs, including 8 for full professors and 7 for associate professors, with only 10 professors employed at that time, and 12 during next year. According to the University’s documents, in the interwar period the general number of associate and full professors at the Department of Law and Social Sciences came to 15, while the whole USB employed 141 persons at these posts. Majority of the Department’s professors were lawyers and economists, and all of them were male. Since their prevailing attitude towards scientific, didactic and organisational duties was serious, they spent a lot of time at the University. For example, it was common that the Department scheduled to give classes for half a week. Majority of the Department’s professors, while performing different functions both in the Department and the UBS, were behaving in a responsible and moderate manner, although during elections for the UBS posts also political issues mattered, so on such occasions disputes were particularly bitter. Generally speaking, prudence and solemnity were the traits especially valued among professors – both in their bearing and attire. And such was the majority of professors employed at the Department, also in their private life. Occasionally, though, persons leading quite extravagant life could be found among them.
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Rok 1919: pamięć Wilna – pamięć w Wilnie

88%
Krupowies W.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2018
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vol. 42
EN
1919: Memory of Vilnius – memory in VilniusThis article applies the framework of three types of memory – individual, communicative and cultural – as an effective tool for describing the phenomenon of “circulation” of the content of memory in communities of memory. I approach the Polish community in Vilnius, especially the intelligentsia, as a community of memory, and show how the three forms of memory were activated at a particular historical time. I argue that the year 1919 and the time of reviving Vilnius University was crucial for the transfer of the content of communicative memory in general, and family memory in particular, to cultural memory. The effort to revive the university was directly related to the restoration of cultural memory in the urban landscape of Vilnius. The person who played the main role in this process was Ferdynand Ruszczyc, the artistic supervisor of revitalisation of university buildings, the author of toponyms and the key figure of cultural life of the city at the time. Rok 1919: pamięć Wilna – pamięć w WilnieW swoim artykule przywołuję wyodrębnione przez współczesnych badaczy trzy formy pamięci: indywidualną, komunikacyjną, kulturową – i traktuję je jako poręczne narzędzie do opisywania zjawiska „cyrkulacji” treści pamięci we wspólnotach pamiętających. Za taką pamiętającą wspólnotę uznaję polską społeczność Wilna, zwłaszcza inteligencję, i ukazuję, w jaki sposób aktywizowały się te trzy formy pamięci w konkretnym czasie historycznym. Stawiam tezę, iż rok 1919 i czas pracy nad wskrzeszeniem uniwersytetu był kluczowy dla przeniesienia treści pamięci komunikacyjnej, zwłaszcza jej postaci rodzinnej, do pamięci kulturowej. Prace nad wskrzeszeniem uniwersytetu łączyły się bezpośrednio z przywracaniem pamięci kulturowej w przestrzeni miasta. Zasadniczą rolę w tym procesie odegrał Ferdynand Ruszczyc jako artystyczny opiekun prac rewitalizacyjnych gmachów uniwersyteckich, autor toponimów i kluczowa postać ówczesnej kultury wileńskiej.
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Wileński okres w życiu Iwo Jaworskiego

75%
Koredczuk J.
Prawo
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2018
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issue 325
177-188
EN
The Vilnius period in Iwo Jaworski’s life, from 1922 until 1939, was one of the most important periods in his life. It began when he became Chair of History of Law in Western Europe at the Stefan Batory University in 1922. It was also associated with the formation of the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences at the University. In 1927 Iwo Jaworski obtained his post-doctoral degree (habilitation) and in 1932 he was made professor. In his research he focused on political and legal questions connected with the French Revolution as well as legal questions concerning the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In addition to conducting research, he was also active in popularising science, and was an outstanding teacher, whose lectures and seminars were very popular among students. That he was trusted by those around him is evidenced by his participation in several collegiate bodies at the university and the fact that he supervised several student organisations. The Vilnius period was also extremely important in his private life. It was in Vilnius that he started a family and despite the fact that he moved several times, his home was a place of social gatherings of many of his friends (including people who, like himself, found themselves in Wrocław after the war). Interludes in his life in Vilnius were provided by military training courses which he was called to attend.
DE
Die Vilniusser Zeit im Leben von Iwo Jaworski, also die Jahre 1922-1939, gehört zu den wichtigsten Perioden seines Lebens. Diese begann, als er im Jahre 1922 auf den Lehrstuhl für Geschichte des Rechts in Westeuropa an der Stefan-Batory-Universität berufen wurde. Sie war auch mit der Errichtung der Fakultät für Recht und Sozialwissenschaften an dieser Universität verbunden. In diesem Zeitraum, im Jahre 1927, habilitierte sich Iwo Jaworski und im Jahre 1932 erwarb er den Professorentitel. Den Schwerpunkt seines wissenschaftlichen Werkes bildeten die verfassungsrechtlichen Fragen bezogen auf die Französische Revolution und die rechtliche Problematik betreffend das Großfürstentum Litauen. Neben der Arbeit als Wissenschaftler beschäftigte sich Iwo Jaworski auch aktiv mit der Förderung der Wissenschaft. Er war dabei ein ausgezeichneter Didaktiker und seine Vorträge und Seminare erfreuten sich großer Beliebtheit bei den Studenten. Ein Zeichen des Vertrauens ihm gegenüber war seine Beteiligung an kollegialen Organen der Universität und sachliche Leitung einiger Studentenorganisationen. Die Zeit in Vilnius war auch für sein privates Leben wichtig. Dort hat Iwo Jaworski seine Familie gegründet und seine Wohnung, trotz einiger Umzüge, diente stets als ein Treffpunkt für viele mit ihm befreundete Personen (darunter diejenige, die, ähnlich wie er, nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg nach Wrocław kamen). Die Vilniusser Zeit unterbrachen gelegentliche militärische Schulungen, die er zu absolvieren hatte.
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Neurologia i psychiatria na wileńskim Uniwersytecie Stefana Batorego – do roku 1934 (czasów reorganizacji). Warunki funkcjonowania i kadra naukowa.

63%
Urbanek B.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2019
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vol. 64
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issue 3
55–71
EN
The article concerns the circumstances of the creation of neurology and psychiatry faculties at the Stefan Batory University in Vilnius, established in 1919. It presents the difficult working conditions of the teaching faculties created after the Partitions period – the strive for the correct equipment, localization and staff. It examines the changes in those two faculties in the period of 15 years, until they were merged into one administrative structure in 1934. It also shows the scientific and didactic efforts of those faculties, underlining the independence of the teaching from the usual European approaches to neurology and psychiatry. The article is based on the analysis if the sources taken from the Vilnius archives.
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Wileńska działalność społeczno-kulturalna i oświatowa Stanisława Węsławskiego (1896–1942) – przyczynek do biografii

63%
Dąbrowski P.
Res Historica
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2015
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issue 39
EN
Stanislaw Weslawski was born in Vilnius on 17 September 1896. He was a lawyer and musician. He was a member of many associations and educational and cultural organizations in Vilnius. He composed piano works and songs to poems by Rainer Maria Rilke, Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna, Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska and Jan Kochanowski. He was a regular member of the Vilnius Society of Friends of Sciences and served on the Education Department of the Polish Educational Eastern Territories. Also he was elected vicepresident of the Association of Singing Societies of Vilnius and Music. He wrote the music for Polish Radio Vilnius in Vilnius, and was its referent music, as well as Chairman of the Board of the Section of Vilnius Polish Society for Contemporary Music (Vilnius Branch). In the thirties, he was also designated president of the Central Board of the Polish Educational Vilnius Land. He was treasurer in the Bureau and then in the composition of the Audit Committee of the Council of Associations of Vilnius Art – „Erwuza|” (RWZA). He was also active in social debating club, „Smorgon”, was a regular visitor „Literary Wednesdays” and a member of the Board of the Vilnius Philharmonic Society, serving in the vicepresident. Weslawski was shot on December 2, 1942 in Ponary near Vilnius.
PL
Stanisław Węsławski urodził się w Wilnie 17 września 1896 r. Z wykształcenia był prawnikiem i muzykiem. Zasiadał w wielu stowarzyszeniach i organizacjach oświatowych i kulturalnych Wilna. Komponował dzieła fortepianowe i pieśni, m.in. do wierszy RaineraMarii Rilkego, Kazimiery Iłłakowiczówny, Marii Pawlikowskiej-Jasnorzewskiej czy Jana Kochanowskiego. Był członkiem zwyczajnym wileńskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk i zasiadał w Wydziale Oświatowym Polskiej Macierzy Szkolnej Ziem Wschodnich.Wybrano go również na wiceprezesa Wileńskiego Związku  Towarzystw Śpiewaczych i Muzycznych. Ponadto tworzył muzykę do Rozgłośni Polskiego Radia w Wilnie oraz został jej referentem muzycznym jak i prezesem Zarządu Sekcji Wileńskiej Polskiego Towarzystwa Muzyki Współczesnej (Oddział Wileński). W latach trzydziestych Stanisława Węsławskiego desygnowano również na prezesa Zarządu Centralnego Polskiej Macierzy Szkolnej Ziemi Wileńskiej. Zasiadał początkowo na stanowisku skarbnika w Prezydium, a następnie w składzie Komisji Rewizyjnej Rady Wileńskich Zrzeszeń Artystycznych „Erwuza” (RWZA). Działał też w towarzyskim klubie dyskusyjnym „Smorgonia”, był stałym bywalcem Śród Literackich oraz członkiem Zarządu Wileńskiego Towarzystwa Filharmonicznego, pełniąc w nim funkcję wiceprezesa. Węsławskiego rozstrzelano 2 grudnia 1942 r. w Ponarach pod Wilnem.
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Konrad’s Cell: Wilno in Stanisław Pigoń’s research and sentiment

51%
Bujnicki T., Bujnicki T.
Ruch Literacki
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2018
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issue 6
7
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Historia Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu Stefana Batorego w Wilnie (1919–1939)

45%
Zemanek A., Köhler P.
Studia Historiae Scientiarum
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2016
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vol. 15
301–345
PL
Ogród Botaniczny Uniwersytetu w Wilnie był łącznie przez ponad 70 lat placówką należącą do botaniki polskiej. Utworzony w 1781 r. przez Jeana Emmanuela Giliberta (1741–1814), w praktyce funkcjonujący od 1782 r., działał do 1842 r., kiedy to został zlikwidowany przez rosyjskiego zaborcę. W 1919 r. założono w nowym miejscu Ogród Botaniczny Uniwersytetu Stefana Batorego (czynny od 1920 r.), pełniący funkcję zakładu pomocniczego dwóch zakładów (katedr) botanicznych. Organizatorem i pierwszym dyrektorem był w latach 1920–1923 fizjolog roślin – Piotr Wiśniewski (1884–1971). W latach 1924–1937 kierownictwo sprawował Józef Trzebiński (1867–1941) – mykolog, jeden z twórców polskiej fitopatologii, a w latach 1937–1939 – Franciszek Ksawery Skupieński (1888–1962) – badacz śluzowców. Dla rozwoju Ogrodu duże zasługi położył główny ogrodnik, czyli inspektor Konstanty Prószyński (Proszyński; 1859–1936), były właściciel ziemski, przyrodnik amator, autor jednej publikacji mykologicznej, zatrudniony w latach 1919–1936. Ogród, obejmujący ok. 2 ha, usytuowany był w zakolu rzeki Wilii zwanym Zakretem (po litewsku Vingis), poza centrum miasta. Mimo trudności finansowych założono tutaj działy roślin analogiczne do istniejących w innych ogrodach botanicznych: systematyki ogólnej, flory krajowej, roślin piaskowych (psammofilnych), roślin uprawnych, ekologii roślin, alpinarium, torfowisko wysokie, a także arboretum oraz gatunki wodne i błotne. W latach 1926–1929 wybudowano szklarnię dla uprawy roślin ciepłych stref klimatycznych. Grupy ilustrujące roślinność różnych typów siedlisk odzwierciedlały rozwój ekologii i fitosocjologii w nauce tego okresu. Liczba uprawianych gatunków wzrastała w miarę upływu czasu: od 1347 w latach 1923/1924 do ok. 2800 w okresie 1936/1937. Począwszy od 1923 r. zaczęto wydawać drukowane katalogi nasion. Prowadzono tutaj doświadczenia do prac naukowych, m.in. z zakresu fitopatologii. Kolekcje roślin wykorzystywano w czasie zajęć ze studentami, a także do edukacji młodzieży szkolnej i szerokiej publiczności. Po przyłączeniu Wilna do Litwy w 1939 r. władze litewskie zamknęły Uniwersytet Stefana Batorego, kończąc tym samym historię polskiego ogrodu botanicznego. Obecnie jego teren jest jednym z działów Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego (dział „Vingis” – Vilniaus universiteto botanikos sodas). Nadal służy studentom i mieszkańcom miasta, a kwitnące rośliny używane są do ozdabiania uniwersyteckich sal i uświetniania uroczystości.
XX
The university in Vilna (Lithuanian: Vilnius), now Vilniaus universitetas, founded in 1579 by Stefan Batory (Stephen Báthory), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, was a centre of Polish botany in 1780-1832 and 1919-1939. The Botanic Garden established by Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert (1741–1814) in 1781 (or, actually, from 1782) survived the loss of independence by Poland (1795), and a later closure of the University (1832), and it continued to function until 1842, when it was shut down by Russian authorities. After Poland had regained independence and the University was reopened as the Stefan Batory University (SBU), its Botanic Garden was established on a new location (1919, active since 1920). It survived as a Polish institution until 1939. After the Second World War, as a result of changed borders, it found itself in the Soviet Union, and from 1990 – in the Republic of Lithuania. A multidisciplinary research project has been recently launched with the aim to create a publication on the history of science at the Stefan Batory University. The botanical part of the project includes, among others, drafting the history of the Botanic Garden. Obtaining electronic copies of archival documents, e.g. annual reports written by the directors, enabled a more thorough analysis of the Garden’s history. Piotr Wiśniewski (1884–1971), a plant physiologist, nominated as Professor in the Department of General Botany on 1 June 1920, was the organiser and the first director of the Garden. He resigned from his post in October 1923, due to financial problems of the Garden. From October 1923 to April 1924, the management was run by the acting director, Edward Bekier (1883–1945), Professor in the Department of Physical Chemistry, Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. For 13 subsequent years, i.e. from 1 May 1924 to 30 April 1937, the directorship of the Garden was held by Józef Trzebiński (1867–1941), a mycologist and one of the pioneers of phytopathology in Poland, Head of the Department of Botany II (Agricultural Botany), renamed in 1926 as the Department of Plant Taxonomy, and in 1937 – the Department of Taxonomy and Geography of Plants. From May 1937 to 1939, his successor as director was Franciszek Ksawery Skupieński (1888–1962), a researcher of slime moulds. Great credit for the development of the Garden is due to the Inspector, i.e. Chief Gardener, Konstanty Prószyński (Proszyński) (1859–1936) working there from 1919, through his official nomination in 1920, until his death. He was an amateur-naturalist, a former landowner, who had lost his property. Apart from the work on establishing and maintaining the Garden’s collection, as well as readying seeds for exchange, he published one mycological paper, and prepared a manuscript on fungi, illustrated by himself, containing descriptions of the new species. Unfortunately, this work was not published for lack of funds, and the prepared material was scattered. Some other illustrations of flowering plants drawn by Prószyński survived. There were some obstacles to the further development of the institution, namely substantially inadequate funds as well as too few members of the personnel (1–3 gardeners, and 1–3 seasonal workers). The area of the Garden, covering approx. 2 hectares was situated on the left bank of the Neris river (Polish: Wilia). It was located on sandy soils of a floodplain, and thus liable to flooding. These were the reasons for the decision taken in June 1939 to move the Garden to a new site but the outbreak of the Second World War stood in the way. Despite these disadvantageous conditions, the management succeeded in setting up sections of plants analogous to these established in other botanical gardens in Poland and throughout the world, i.e. general taxonomy (1922), native flora (1922), psammophilous plants (1922), cultivated plants (1924/1925), plant ecology (1927/1928), alpinarium (1927–1929), high-bog plants (1927–1929), and, additionally – in the 1920s – the arboretum, as well as sections of aquatic and bog plants. A glasshouse was erected in 1926–1929 to provide room for plants of warm and tropical zones. The groups representing the various types of vegetation illustrated the progress in ecology and phytosociology in the science of the period (e.g. in the ecology section, the Raunkiaer’s life forms were presented). The number of species grown increased over time, from 1,347 in 1923/1924 to approx. 2,800 in 1936/1937. Difficult weather conditions – the severe winter of 1928 as well as the snowless winter and the dry summer of 1933/34 contributed to the reduction of the collections. The ground collections, destroyed by flood in spring of 1931, were restored in subsequent years. Initially, the source of plant material was the wild plant species collected during field trips. Many specimens were also obtained from other botanical gardens, such as Warsaw and Cracow (Kraków). Beginning from 1923, printed catalogues of seeds offered for exchange were published (cf. the list on p. ... ). Owing to that, the Garden began to participate in the national and international plant exchange networks. From its inception, the collection of the Garden was used for teaching purposes, primarily to the students of the University, as well as for the botanical education of schoolchildren and the general public, particularly of the residents of Vilna. Scientific experiments on phytopathology were conducted on the Garden’s plots. After Vilna was incorporated into Lithuania in October 1939, the Lithuanian authorities shut down the Stefan Batory University, thus ending the history of the Polish Botanic Garden. Its area is now one of the sections of the Vilnius University Botanic Garden (“Vingis” section – Vilniaus universiteto botanikos sodas). In 1964, its area was extended to 7.35 hectares. In 1974, after establishing the new Botanic Garden in Kairenai to the east of Vilnius, the old Garden lost its significance. Nevertheless, it still serves the students and townspeople of Vilnius, and its collections of flowering plants are often used to decorate and grace the university halls during celebrations.
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Blessed Michael Sopocko: A Zealous Pastor

38%
Olszewski M.
Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej
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2018
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vol. 17
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issue 2
EN
Bl. Fr. Michael Sopocko is a fascinating figure, particularly because of his zealous involvement in everything that he did, especially in his pastoral ministry. This article discusses Bl. Michael Sopocko’s pastoral achievements based on three biographical and chronological stages of his life, pastoral activity, and academic work. The first stage involves his early life in his family home as well as his work at the parish in Taboryszki, where he served until 1918 when he went to study in Warsaw. The second stage took place when he returned to Vilnius after completing his intermittent studies at the University of Warsaw (from 1918 until December 8, 1924) and until he met St. Faustina who introduced him to the mystery of Divine Mercy in 1933-1934. In the third phase of Bl. Michael Sopocko’s pastoral and academic ministry, the mystery of Divine Mercy dominated his thoughts and views on both the Church’s activities and pastoral ministry.
PL
Błogosławiony ks. Michał Sopoćko to postać fascynująca swoim zaangażowaniem i gorliwością we wszystkie dzieła, których dokonywał, a zwłaszcza te z dziedziny duszpasterskiej. Gdy zaś mówimy o bł. ks. Michale Sopoćce, o jego działalności duszpasterskiej i jego pracy naukowej to można rozróżnić trzy wyraźne okresy biograficzno-czasowe. Pierwszy okres obejmowałby jego życie w domu rodzinnym i praca w parafii Taboryszki aż do roku 1918, kiedy to wyjechał na studia do Warszawy. Drugi okres możemy rozciągnąć od powrotu do Wilna ze studiów, które miały miejsce na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim i trwały z przerwami od 1918 roku do 8 grudnia 1924 roku. Okres ten trwał aż do czasu zapoznania się z tajemnicą Miłosierdzia Bożego poprzez objawienia św. Faustyny w latach 1933-1934. W trzecim okresie działalności duszpasterskiej i naukowej ta tajemnica zdominowała jego poglądy zarówno na działalność Kościoła, jak i w ogóle na duszpasterstwo. Według tego schematu przedstawimy jego dokonania na polu duszpasterskim.
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