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EN
Stress is one of the single most significant factor for many physical and psychological dilemma. Long-term exposure to stress or chronic stress can lead to serious physical and psychological problems such as headaches, fatigue, depression, anxiety, stomachache, heart problems, chest pain, asthma, hypertension, liver dysfunction, diabetes, arthritis, suppressed immune system , skin conditions, irregular ministerial cycle, infertility, accelerated aging process,and premature death. As under perennial and /or continual stress condition the body releases excessive cortisol hormone that results in aforementioned issues. Physical activity may beneficial for mental and physical body system. Under intense or endurance exercise however increase total cortisol released levels far above the moderate training modalities which can be a destructive factor for people under extreme negative stress and can make worse stress health risk conditions.Thus, caution is need to be considered for people with negative stress.Nonetheless, according to the American physical activity guideline 10 minutes moderate aerobic exercise such as walking in division of 2×10 min or 3×10 min per day that can be performed throughout the week, seems to be helpful alternative for all adult in part people with psychological negative stress.
EN
Trauma, a word derived from Greek, literally means ‛injury‛. It is defined as a reaction to a strong emotional stimulus which cannot be processed at a specific moment in a person's life. Trauma makes one feel powerless. They are very uncertain about their future and feel as they have no control over it which leads to a great deal of anxiety. People differ in the way they react to a crisis. For some of them, crisis is a source of strength, whereas for others it cannot be ever processed in a constructive manner. The researchers in the field of psychology are looking for solutions to that problem. This paper presents the issues associated with the loss of a child and life after having worked through trauma (considering women and men alike). The research was conducted on the group of 44 individuals (including 22 women and 22 men) and was focused on the way they were coping with the loss of a child. The research was conducted at the ‛By Dalej Iść‛ Foundation ('to go on'). The research procedure was based on the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, which consists of statements that describe different changes which occur as a result of experiencing a traumatic event.
EN
Purpose:To analyze the relationship between the psychological condition of representatives from various professional groups of healthcare workers, the degree of their exposure to patient aggression, as well as with the duration of their professional experience.Materials and methods:Study participants (n=1498) were employed at open and closed healthcare units within Podlaskie province: 493 nurses, 504 midwives and 501 physicians. The Work Features Evaluation Questionnaire and General Health Evaluation Questionnaire GHQ28 were applied, and the psychological condition of medical staff was examined based on a 30-question surveyResults:When analyzing all of the groups of medical personnel, the mean level of exposure to patient aggression fell within the moderate range. The highest level of aggression was experienced amongst nurses, while the lowest – amongst midwives. The analyzed groups did not differ significantly in terms of the level of their psychological condition. With the exception of physicians, no significant association was observed between levels of patient aggression and the psychological condition of the medical personnel. Amongst physicians, individuals who experienced lower levels of aggression were characterized by significantly higher psychological condition values when compared to personnel exposed to moderate or high levels of patient aggression. No significant linear correlations between psychological condition levels and the frequency of patient aggression or duration of professional experience were noted in any of the analyzed professional groups.Conclusions:A moderate level of exposure to patient aggression is not the main factor affecting the psychological condition of medical personnel.
EN
The paper presents chosen scientific theories regarding the adaptation of parents of children with disabilities to critical situations. Most of the evoked theories originate from the ABCX Model, invented by Reuben Hill in 1949. One of the paper's conclusions is that there is no universal theory which fully explains process of parents' adaptation to the situation in which they have to face with disability of their child. Moreover in future research there should be a focus on variables which mediate and moderate the association between child's disability and parents' adjustment and adaptation to crisis.
EN
Occupational stress factors of the security employee are undisputable. The action of the security guard can be a person’s security, valuables’ security, convoying, a V.I.P. bodyguard duty, protection of the mass events, etc. Multiple stressors are frequently present, especially during a 24-hrs duty of the security employees, under bad weather conditions, and under constant potential danger. Several other negative factors of the security guard occupation can be distinguished: low wages, overtime work fatigue, traumatic work incidents, risk of the license revoked, objectification of the worker by the employer. Other frequent factors can be observed such as low self-esteem of the security guard, low competence of the co-worker within the team, unsecured employment conditions, conflict of functions within the team, maintaining the security guard function under the pressure of unemployment and/or lack of perspectives, or lack of concretized life plans of the employee. A major negative factor, among essential disadvantages (unfavorable conditions) of the security guard occupation, is the absence of any psychological support under crisis situations. The absence of systemic solutions, which could facilitate elimination of the occupational stressors, is evident in the security sector. Lack of adequate knowledge and skills in managing the occupational stress pose a substantial risk of „radical solution”, such as a suicide attempt. Incidents of the bodyguard suicides in the real life conditions are presented and possible preventive actions are proposed (suggested).
EN
Not having a permanent home means living in a constant state of stress. Though much has been written about homelessness and its stressors, very little research has focused on the experiences of those living in liminal housing, such as extended-stay motels. As affordable housing units dwindle in the US, more individuals and families with children have moved into extended-stay motels. In this study, I explore stressors that low-income families living in extended-stay motels experience, as well as their coping mechanisms. Through semi-structured interviews with 18 families with children living in extended-stay motels in the Central Florida region, consistent financial and emotional stressors were identified among all families. Additionally, gender and the community feel of a motel impacts the magnitude of the stress, as well as the ability to cope. Findings from this study suggest that, although families in motels experience constant environmental stressors, community building among precariously housed families may create an informal safety net for the families and thus, alleviate the financial and emotional crisis.
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