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Archaeology of concepts and ambitions  : performing structuralism through the field of scenography (Czechoslovakia, 1970s)

100%
Havlíčková Kysová Š., Příhodová B.
Theatralia: Revue současného myšlení o divadelní kultuře (Theatralia: The revue of contemporary thought on theatre culture)
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2014
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vol. 17
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issue 2
111-121
EN
This paper presents the partial results of the ongoing research of scenographic theory. It discusses the institutionalized support of the Structuralist approach to scenography that culminated in Czechoslovakia in the first half of the 1970s under the auspices of the Institute of Scenography. Its head, Miroslav Kouřil, repeatedly claimed allegiance to Structuralist thought. Particular attention is paid to the methods and strategies through which Structuralism was performed within the SI, its projects and platforms. The topic is also treated from the historical perspective.
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Tożsamość europejska w kryzysie – stan badań i perspektywy dalszego rozwoju

72%
Ostrowska A.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
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2016
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vol. 4
117-140
EN
European Union in majority of its dimensions is in crisis today. Since 2008 the problems amass, be it in economy, fi nance or politics and policies. These seem to be of utmost concern for the majority of European policy makers. What is being overlooked, however, is that the European social space suffers of a certain unrest that has been not witnessed before in all the history of European integration. People of Europe less and less identify themselves with European project. Long lasting efforts to build a certain common European identity among it’s peoples seem to bring about unforeseen results in their comeback to national or local identities. In this article I assess what was scientifi cally done on the matter of European identification and what has to be done to advance it’s development.
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Kulturowy zwrot teorii jako nowe podejście do tekstów kultury

72%
Lewandowska-Tarasiuk E.
Zeszyty Naukowe PUNO
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2016
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issue 4
13-23
EN
„The cultural turn of theory” is one of the most important transformations within the humanities, which has been strongly influenced by the gradual evolution of knowledge about literature. Thanks to it, the polyphony of interpretational discourses, anchored in the wealth of cultural areas, is heard and will be heard, and that is how „the art of interpretation” will come into its own. Of course, the most significant objective of literary studies today is practice. Thus, contemporary thought about literature, which utilizes the practical ecacy of theory, has been created. The present study analyses the essence of this turning point, its scientific, cultural and practical foundations.
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Struktury, historia i praxis. O sporze Sartre’a z Levi-Straussem z dzisiejszej perspektywy

61%
Kowalska M.
Praktyka Teoretyczna
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2016
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vol. 22
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issue 4
105-131
EN
The article recalls the historical debate between Sartre and Lévi-Strauss about the meaning of dialectics (or the relationships between dialectical and analytical reason) which concerned also the concepts of history, structure, subjectivity and consciousness, free practice, all in all – the concept of human and the way of understanding anthropology, more “philosophical” or more “scientific”. Instead of simply opposing Sartre’s and Lévi-Strauss’ views the author tries to show quite complex, “dialectical” play between them, although she stresses also their final contrast connected with the inalienable poles of the whole modern philosophy and culture, more specially those of subjectivism and objectivism, and the constant tension between them. Such a tension is reflected not only in different manners of conceiving of man as such (as being mainly a subject and project or, on the contrary, an object and element of a broader universe), but also in the way of understanding the relationship between culture and nature, and, finally, between different cultures.The purpose of the article is not only to reconstruct a historical issue but also to refer the historical debate to contemporary discussions, both theoretical and practical, moral and political, concerning such questions as the status of mind and consciousness, ecology or possible and desirable relations between West and other cultures. In the author’s view in all those quite contemporary debates the tension between rather Sartrian or rather Lévi-Straussian position remain present and vivid.
PL
W artykule zostaje przypomniany historyczny spór między Sartrem i Lévi-Straussem dotyczący rozumienia dialektyki (relacji między rozumem dialektycznym i rozumem analitycznym), który był zarazem sporem o pojęcia historii i struktury, status świadomej podmiotowości i rolę swobodnego działania, „sporem o człowieka” i sposób uprawiania antropologii, w tym o stosunek filozofii do nauki/nauk empirycznych. Zamiast prostego przeciwstawienia stanowisk Sartre’a i Lévi-Straussa autorka stara się wydobyć dość złożoną, dialektyczną grę między nimi, podkreślając jednak ich ostateczną opozycyjność, którą wiąże z nieusuwalnym napięciem między biegunami całej nowoczesnej filozofii i kultury, przede wszystkim biegunami subiektywizmu i obiektywizmu. To napięcie ujawnia się w różnych sposobach pojmowania i badania człowieka w ogóle (jako przede wszystkim podmiotu i projektu lub, przeciwnie, przedmiotu i uwarunkowanego elementu znacznie szerszego uniwersum), ale także w relacji między kulturą i naturą oraz – wreszcie – relacji między różnymi kulturami. Celem artykułu jest nie tylko rekonstrukcja historycznego sporu, ale również jego aktualizacja, tj. odniesienie go do całkowicie współczesnych dyskusji o charakterze teoretycznym i praktycznym, moralno-politycznym, dotyczących takich zagadnień jak status umysłu i świadomości, a także kwestii ekologicznych i pytań o możliwe i pożądane relacje między światem zachodu oraz innymi kulturami. W świetle artykułu napięcie między stanowiskami à la Sartre i à la Lévi-Strauss jawi się we współczesnych dyskusjach jako obecne i żywe.
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Theorie-Kulturen. Ein Erfahrungsbericht

58%
Weinberg M.
Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense
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2015
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vol. 12
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issue 24
15-24
EN
From the biographical perspective of a scholar of German studies with positions formerly at the German universities of Bonn and Constance and now Charles University in Prague, the article describes the discussions about theory and literary studies since the 1980s. It focuses primarily on exchange processes among various (theoretical) cultures and at the end examines the reasons why certain obvious theory transfers had not taken place.
CS
Článek popisuje z životopisného stanoviska germanisty s dřívějším působištěm v Německu (Bonn a Kostnice) a nyní na Karlově univerzitě diskuze o literární vědě a teorii, jež se v germanistice vedly od osmdesátých let. Hlavním tématem jsou směnné procesy mezi různými kulturami (teorie). Na závěr zkoumá důvody, proč k některým nabízejícím se přenosům teorie naopak nedošlo.
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Pojetí významu u Ingardena a Mukařovského: Vliv, inspirace, či autonomní cesty?

58%
Bílek P. A.
Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense
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2019
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vol. 16
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issue 32
163-175
EN
Concepts associated with the Structuralism of the Prague School are usually considered to respond to trends in continental philology, philosophy, and aesthetics of the 1920s and 1930s. The phenomenology of Roman Ingarden is thus viewed as a key source of inspiration for the concept of ‘concretization’ coined by Felix Vodička, a concept which would become one of the key terms of literary history. This article focuses on a less explored issue concerning the notion of meaning developed by Ingarden in his Das literarische Kunstwerk and its potential influence on the idea of meaning developed by Jan Mukařovský during the 1930s. The comparison highlights an important difference between the two concepts of meaning. While Ingarden focuses on the heterogeneity of elements involved in the production of meaning, Mukařovský aims rather at developing a universal notion of meaning as a synthetic process that operates the same way on all levels of the literary text. In this case, the author tends to consider the notion of meaning only in vague and general terms, illustrating the production of meaning at the micro level and then claiming that the same processes can be found at all higher levels.
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„Ej, duby, duby, zelené duby“. K mnemopoetice a symbolice (moravské) lidové písně

51%
Skovajsa O.
Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense
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2023
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vol. 20
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issue 1
15-39
EN
The paper introduces the concept of mnemopoetics, i.e., how songs are composed to be remembered, how they are shaped by oral memory as only the songs worth remembering were preserved by the community. After a brief discussion of ‘memory of the body’ (cf. Saussy 2016), the author introduces the formal mnemopoetic features (role of incipit, genre, rhythm, dialogue, incremental repetition, strophic arrangement, etc.). In the second part, he focuses on the semantic mnemopoetic role of incipit parallelism, which announces what will happen next in the song-story (cf. Andersen 1985; Marčok 1980; Bartmiński 2016). He then analyzes the first part of Jan Poláček’s song-collection from Moravian Slovakia (Slovácké pěsničky, 1936) and distinguishes nine main groups of songs with the incipit parallelism variously announcing: 1. erotic desire, 2. courtship, 3. longing for marriage, 4. an obstacle in the way of love, 5. a sinister omen leading to a bad outcome, 6. disappointment, 7. parting, 8. death; and 9. joyousness. For example, the image of ‘running water’ in the first verse suggests an unhappy development in the love affair portrayed by the song. The study further verifies the validity of six most prominent identified announcements on the broader material of František Sušil’s (1860) classical collection of Moravian folksongs. As suggested by fieldwork introduced in the study, traditional singers from Moravia and western Slovakia are typically aware of the ‘second’ meaning in songs, and this awareness of song symbolism helps singers — and readers — not only to remember songs better, but to do them justice when interpreting them. More broadly, the study represents a contribution to the methodological analysis of symbolism in traditional song lyrics.
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