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Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2013
|
vol. 139
185-197
EN
Some of Asian economies, which in 80's and 90's of XX century experienced economic boom, still are the subject of scientific research. Article examines the peculiar characteristic of these economies, which on the one hand is regarded as the reason ofunprecedented dynamic economic growth, on the other hand is the source of destabilization. This characteristic is the crony capitalism. In the article issues concerning the phenomenon of crony capitalism are introduced and also the most obvious symptom of this issue: corruption is discussed in some economies of East Asia and the Pacific.
EN
In the article the economic effectiveness was described, paying special attention to its static and dynamic take and meaning for the appropriate description of the economic reality. The article critically presents a conception of static effectiveness and the welfare economics based on this concept. Essential dilemmas associated with the measurement and the evaluation of the economic effectiveness were shown. Moreover it is underlined, that the economic effectiveness in the dynamic take is an essential determinant of the efficiently functioning economic system.
PL
Celem opracowania jest dokonanie skrótowej i bardzo uproszczonej – ze względu na objętość tekstu – analizy relacji pomiędzy zakresem państwa w gospodarce (zakresem ingerencji państwa) a jakością systemu gospodarczego. Pytanie badawcze, na które została podjęta próba odpowiedzi, jest następujące: czy istnieje zauważalna korelacja (nie przesądzając kierunku tej korelacji) pomiędzy jakością systemu gospodarczego, a głębokością czy zakresem oddziaływania państwa na ten system? Opracowanie składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej dokonano krótkiej analizy kategorii „dobra gospodarka” i „dobry system gospodarczy” w aspekcie historyczno-teoretycznym. W części drugiej przedstawiono założenia i uproszczenia niezbędne do przeprowadzenia badań empirycznych. Część trzecia zawiera wyniki tych badań oraz wnioski z nich wynikające.
EN
The objective of the study is to carry out the simplified and shortened – on grounds of the length of text – analysis of the relations between the range of the state in the economy (the range of the state’s intervention) and the quality of an economic system. Research question to which we attempt to answer is: is there a noticeable correlation (not pre-empting if it is negative or positive) between the quality of an economic system and a range of the government intervention in this system. The publication is composed of three parts. The first part contains a short analysis of the idea “good economy” and “good economic system” in the historical and theoretical aspect. In the second part we present the assumptions and simplifications necessary to carry out the empirical research. The third part contains the results of the study and the derived conclusions.
4
63%
PL
Systemy gospodarcze kapitalizmu są zróżnicowane pod względem instytucjonalizacji jego wejść i wyjść do innych systemów społecznych. Integralność gospodarki rynkowej i jej stabilizacja zależą od instytucjonalizacji pieniądza. Głównym czynnikiem konwergencji systemowej jest adaptacja efektywnościowa właścicieli kapitału. Finansyzacja systemu gospodarczego to efekt adaptacji efektywnościowej. Nie ma ona charakteru progresywnego, ponieważ jej instytucjonalizacja jest niekompletna.
EN
Economic systems of capitalism are diversified in terms of the institutionalization of its entry and exit to other social systems. The integrity of market economy and its stabilization depends on the institutionalization of money. The main factor of system convergence is the efficiency adaptation of capital owners. The financialization of economic system is the result of an efficiency adaptation. It has no progressive character because its institutionalization is incomplete.
PL
We-conomy stanowi pewien rodzaj aktywności, łączącej cechy gospodarki rynkowej z gospodarką centralnie kierowaną i gospodarką tradycyjną. Wprawdzie nie jest to system gospodarczy w dosłownym tego słowa znaczeniu, niemniej jego popularność, jak również odejście od paradygmatu posiadania na rzecz dostępu i innych form z nim związanych, budzą wątpliwości, czy będzie to tylko krótkotrwały kierunek rozwoju, czy forma bardziej trwałego trendu, a nawet systemu gospodarczego. Cechą odróżniającą gospodarkę „we” od innych systemów jest nieznaczny udział państwa w jego funkcjonowaniu, ograniczający się jedynie do prób stworzenia norm prawnych regulujących funkcjonowanie niektórych jego aktywności i modeli. Ta cecha sprawia zatem, że pewną ich część, wpisującą się w ramy analizowanego systemu, można uznać za przejaw szarej strefy.
EN
We-conomy is some kind of activity which combines the features of market economy with centrally planned economy and traditional economy. Although it is not an economy system in the literal meaning, nevertheless its popularity and moving away from the paradigm of ownership in favor of access and its other forms raise doubts whether it will be only a short term direction of development in economy or a form of more permanent trend or even the economy system. The feature which distinguish we-conomy from other systems is inconsiderable state’s involvement in its functioning, limited only to the attempts to establish a legal framework which will regulate some of its activities and models. This feature is responsible for perceiving some of them, being a part of analyzed system, as black economy.
EN
This article presents the correlation analysis between the level of liberalisation of the economic system, income inequality, and macroeconomic stability. The main result presented in this article is that the level of liberalisation of the economic system is stron¬gly related with the level of inequality. The level of income inequality is on the other hand strongly related to the macroeconomic stability. Countries of high level of econo¬mic liberalisation have large inequalities and lower macroeconomic stability than coun¬tries with lower level of economic liberalisation.
EN
Regulator is a deliberately chosen design information, created to designate businesses to the area of freedom. Financial regulators of companies determines the rules for the operation in terms of income and expenses. Functional regulation of public transport concern social objectives. The regulating competition is a fundamental regulator in public transport. The provision of public services is possible when operator win the tender, which an essential element of the offer is the cost of realization. This causes a reversal of the philosophy of the financial optimization in calculating financial results public operators, because procedure of financial results calculation starts not from incomes but starts from costs of realization.
EN
The social economy is recently a growing sector of the economy, complementary in relation to the market and the state. Operating within this sector enterprises of social economy play a similar role. Their mission is social integration, and the main goal is to prevent social inclusion by professional activation. Social economy enterprises have different forms and scope of activity. Because of the peculiar novelty of these enterprises their business and the problems which they face should be analyzed. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the companies and the results will be presented in this publication.
EN
While the role of modern Japan in world's economy is still very important, it has been changed a lot during last two decades. The process started during late 80's when rapid development of Japanese finished. The golden years based on investment expansion, development of high tech products and growing financial surplus. Then Japan evolved into capital and technology exporter. Changes in economic structure and institutional reforms accelerated this process. The main aim of the article is to described some areas in Japanese economy where the role of state has been changed in last two decades. It focuses on: privatization of state enterprises, changes in importance of some Ministries, role of central bank and financial market. The state support in the development of regions is show in case of clusters.
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