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1

ARCHAEOFAUNA OR PALAEONTOLOGICAL RECORD ? REMARKS ON PLEISTOCENE FAUNA FROM SILESIA

100%
Wisniewski A., Stefaniak K., Wojtal P., Zych J., Nadachowski A., Musil R., Badura J., Przybylski B.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2009
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vol. 61
39-95
EN
The paper concerns the problem of faunal remains at Palaeolithic sites from Silesia. The authors tried to answer the question whether the bones are an effect of human activity (archaeofauna) or belong to natural deposits (palaeontological records). The detailed analysis using geological and taphonomic methods lead to the conclusion that within the sites one cannot distinguish the assemblage which consists of only archaeofauna. Contrary, some of the sites contain the archaeofauna as well as natural deposited animal remains. The archaeofauna is mainly represented by remains of hunted game and collected bones whereas processing bones occur rarely. The geofauna was accumulated as a result of slope and alluvial processes and carnivore activity.
2
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ASPECTS OF HARD TISSUE MODIFICATIONS. THREE OBJECTS FROM THE GRAVETTIAN AT DOLNÍ VĚSTONICE II (CZECH REPUBLIC)

88%
Sázelová S., Hromadová B., Perri A., Polanská M.
Študijné zvesti
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2021
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vol. 68
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issue suppl. 2
129 - 144
EN
The paper presents a case study of three animal hard tissue objects from the Gravettian site of Dolní Věstonice II (Czech Republic), a beaver incisor, a wolf canine and a raven femur, bearing unusual modifications. Detailed archaeo-zoological, archaeological and experimental methods provide complex insights into the interpretation of human and non-human taphonomic impacts affecting the morphology of selected examples. In the case of the beaver incisor human manipulation was excluded; dentine modifications were caused by short-term malocclusion. The wolf canine bears traces of intentional raw material selection, changing the mechanical properties of the tooth, along with evidence of pressure causing its longitudinal pre-depositional breakage. The raven femur was freshly defleshed using a dihedral burin or other artefact with similar morphology in its cutting-edge shape.
3

TRACING TAPHONOMIC PROCESSES. MULTIPLE LAYER ANALYSIS OF CERAMIC DISTRIBUTION FROM SURFACE COLLECTION AND EXCAVATION AT THE EARLY BRONZE AGE SETTLEMENT OF VRÁBLE-FIDVAR

75%
Rassmann K., Bátora J., Muller-Scheessel N., Reiter S., Ivanova M., Behrens A., Radloff K., Bača M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 2
219 – 234
EN
Surface find distribution analysis is a standard tool within the archaeological prospection arsenal. Nevertheless, the results are often met with a certain degree of scepticism and disapproval. The most common objection revolves around the idea that recent agricultural impact causes too much ‘noise’. The Early Bronze Age (EBA) settlement of Vráble has been subjugated to intensive agricultural use over the past decades meaning that thousands of archaeological finds are scattered over the surface of the site. The richness of these finds and the availability of multi-layered information offer exceptional preconditions with which to evaluate the potential of surface distributions. In order to investigate the possibilities and limitations of these phenomena, we focussed on making a detailed analysis of the spatial pattern of ceramic finds within different scales and layers. The excavation data from the two key areas were used to analyse the correlation of archaeological features with the occurrence of sherds in different layers in order to understand and reconstruct the taphonomic processes involved. Our starting point took the form of a large-scale surface collection which covered the settlement and delivered detailed information regarding its internal structure. Subsequent steps analysed higher resolution data from collections in a 2 x 2 m grid as well as from topsoil sampling from 1 x 1 m squares. This data was juxtaposed with that from excavations which took place in the very same area at a later date. What was crucial here was the question of the transformation of the upper settlement layer to the recent arable topsoil and the traceability of EBA houses, paths or pits in terms of sherd distribution. The sum of these results has enabled us to evaluate both the possibilities and limitations of the spatial analysis of ceramic finds. Specifically, this example illustrates the potential of revealing more general structures in a given settlement through analysis of ceramic distributions.
4

SUBTERRANEAN SILOS AT VRABLE, SOUTHWESTERN SLOVAKIA. A CASE STUDY OF GEOCHEMISTRY AND DISTRIBUTION OF FINDS IN FILL DEPOSITS

75%
Ivanová M., Schlutz F., Benecke N.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue suppl 1
257 – 271
EN
The purpose of this study is to assess the potential of detailed sampling and the correlation of proxies to explain the origin and formation of secondary deposits in subterranean storage facilities. For that we studied the stratigraphy, soil chemistry and the distribution of artefacts, animal bones and microscopic remains in the backfills of two bell-shaped storage pits from the Early Bronze Age (ca. 2000–1600 BC) site Fidvár near Vráble in southwestern Slovakia. The data indicate a number of correlations between the archaeological, biological and geochemical proxies. The soil chemistry and the microscopic remains indicate a complex history of formation. Phosphorus content varies throughout the pit and correlates with the distribution of plant remains, showing differences in the origin of deposits in the separate parts of the features. Mineralized Chenopodiaceae and burned plant material, in particular, correlate with high phosphorus content, probably due to the presence of animal dung in parts of the pit fills. In contrast, there is no clear correlation between the distribution of archaeological finds and other proxies, suggesting that the exclusive reliance on artefacts as indicators for the origin of pit deposits might be problematic. The study demonstrates that the integration of proxies can provide better insights into the taphonomic history of subterranean features and can be related to particular human activities in their vicinity. For regions and periods where pits are the major or only archaeological feature at prehistoric sites, such detailed analyses can provide valuable insights into the economic, social and ritual practices of former societies.
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