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Cloninger’s Psychobiological Model of Personality and Strelau’s Regulative Theory of Temperament – analysis of their associations in a Polish sample

100%
Hornowska E.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2011
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vol. 42
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issue 2
71-80
EN
The present study explores the relationship between Cloninger scales and Strelau's Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT ) traits. Cloninger's psychobiological model identifies four dimensions of temperament (Novelty seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence and Persistence) and three dimensions of character (Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness and Self-Transcendence). RTT proposes the traits of Briskness, Perseveration, Sensory Sensitivity, Emotional Reactivity, Endurance and Activity as the basic dimensions underlying individual differences. The relationships between the dimensions of Cloninger's Temperament and Character and Strelau's Regulative Theory of Temperament are investigated in a sample of 282 participants. Data analysis demonstrated some significant correlations between the two models. The strongest associations were found between the dimension of Harm Avoidance from Cloninger’s concept and Strelau’s RTT traits (positive correlations from r = .73 for Emotional Reactivity to r = .48 for Perseveration, and negative correlations from r = -.57 for Endurance to r = -.51 for Briskness). However, there is not enough evidence to suggest that the two models offer an alternative way of explaining individual differences. According to RTT, temperamental traits are expressed in formal characteristics of behavior (energetic and temporal) and every kind of behavior (irrespective of its content) can be described in the same formal categories. In the Psychobiological Model of Personality the traits are characterized rather by the content or goals of behavior. In this model, in addition to underlining the biological variation of heritable traits, the social, cultural and phenotypical levels of behavior are reflected.
2

EXPERIENCES OF THE APPLICATION OF THE ASPIRATION INDEX ON A HUNGARIAN SAMPLE

75%
V-Komlosi A., Rozsa S., Berdi M., Moricz E., Horvath D.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2006
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vol. 61
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issue 2
237-250
EN
In their study the authors show the adaptation of the 'Aspiration Index' in the Hungarian context that is for testing the 'self Determination Theory' by Deci and Ryan (1985, 2000). According to the assumptions of the functioning of personality, its health or pathological nature is a result of the characteristic pattern of intrinsic and extrinsic life goals. According to the results of available empirical data regardless of gender, cultural background, social-economic status in the case of dominant intrinsic motivation indicators of well-being, mental and physical health are higher, while lower in the case of dominant extrinsic motivation. The authors' results are in accordance with previous international research: 1. Clear intrinsic and extrinsic factors appear in the motivational goal system measured by the Aspiration Index; 2. Validating questionnaires applied in our study (BDI for measuring depression and NEO-PI-R and TCI for measuring personality trait structure) showed healthier personality operation in the case of dominant intrinsic motivation, while dominant extrinsic motivation was connected with less efficient personality operation.
3
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Personality Dimensions and Nicotine Dependence and Withdrawal Symptoms: the Mediating Role of Self-Directness

75%
Schiep S., Cieślik K.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2011
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vol. 42
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issue 3
169-177
EN
We analyzed the relationship between personality traits and smoking status and nicotine withdrawal symptoms using two comprehensive models of personality: the Five-Factor Model and the Cloninger`s Temperament and Character Inventory. In total 295 people were examined, 149 smokers and 146 who have never smoked. To measure the severity of the nicotine dependence we used the Fagerstroem Tolerance Questionnaire and the DSM-IV criteria of nicotine dependence and to measure the nicotine withdrawal symptoms the Nicotine Dependence History. The results showed significant differences between the groups in particular dimensions: Neuroticism, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. The analyse of the TCI demonstrate, that smokers are higher in Novelty Seeking and lower in Reward Dependence than never smokers and show less Self-Directness and Cooperativeness. The mediation analyses showed that Self-Directness is the significant mediator between Extra-Introversion and nicotine withdrawal symptoms measured by NDHIS and between Neuroticism and DSMIV criteria of nicotine dependence.
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